C YN 



261 



CYP 



In a parallel direction. It is' a circular 

 prism, as a cone is a circular pyramid. 

 \Vhen the base is elliptical it is called a 

 ri/liiidroid. AVhen the sides are perpen- 

 dicular to the base it is a right cylinder, 

 otherwise it is an oblique one. 



CYLIN'DRIC, CYLINDRICAL, having the 

 form of a cylinder, as, (1.) A C ceiling 

 (vulgarly called a waggon-headed ceiling) 

 is a ceiling vaulted in the shape of a seg- 

 ment of a cylinder ; (2.1 A C. dome, is an 

 oblong dome, of which there are two 

 kinds, the surmounted and surbased. 



CYLIN'DROID, from cylinder and jfSaj, 

 form; a solid which approaches to the 

 form of a cylinder, differing from it in 

 having the bases elliptical, but parallel 

 and equal. See CYLINDER. 



CT'MA. In botany, a form of inflores- 

 cence consisting of a solitary flower, 

 seated in the axilla of dichotomous rami- 

 fications, as in Sambucus. 



CY'MA, Lat. from xvpa,, a sprout. 1. In 

 botany, a cyme ; a sort of inflorescence 

 consisting of several flower-stalks, all 

 springing from one centre, but each stalk 

 is variously subdivided, in which respect 

 the cyma differs essentially from an um- 

 bel. - 2. In architecture, an undulating 

 moulding which is generally the upper 

 one of a cornice, when it is called cyma- 

 tivm. The cyma recta is composed of a 

 concave and con vex moulding, the former 

 being uppermost ; in the cyma reversa, the 

 convex is uppermost. 



CYMA'TITM, Lat. from KV/UMTIOV, the 

 upper moulding of a cornice composed 

 usually of a cyma. See CYMA.. 



Grift A.L, Lat. cymtatom; musical instru- 

 ment used by the ancients, hollow, and 

 made of brass", somewhat like our kettle- 

 drum. The name is now given to a mean 

 instrument used by vagrants, made of 

 steel wire in a triangular form, on which 

 are passed five rings, which are shifted 

 along the triangle by an iron rod ; it is 

 supported by a ring in the right hand. 



OTKAx'catnt, a genus of plants. Pen- 

 tnndria Digynia. Name from xuvoe.'y^, 

 the quinsy. The leaves of an Egyptian 

 species is used to adulterate senna, and 

 another species yields the Montpellier 

 scammony, and the third yields the ipe- 

 cacuhan of the Isle of France. 



CY'NARA'CK.E. In botany, & division of 

 the group Composite. 



CY'NIC, from xuvtzts, canine, having 

 the qualities of a surly dog. The cynics 

 of old prided themselves upon their con- 

 tempt of everything which others valued, 

 except virtue. 



CTNIC SPASM, a sort of convulsion in 

 which the patient imitates the howling 

 of a dog (xuw, a dog). 



CYS'IFS, a genus of hymenopterous in 



sects. Name from xt4 , a gnat, from 

 xwrtiv, to hurt. The punctures which 

 these insects make in plants to deposit 

 their eggs give rise to those excrescences 

 called galls. Those most commonly known 

 are the gall-nut (Aleppo-gall) found on 

 oak-tree*, and the bedeguar, found on 

 rose-trees. The perfect insect is often 

 found in the gall-nut. 



CY'XOCEPH'ALUS, the generic name of 

 the dog-headed monkeys (xvav, a dog, 

 and xi<pa,*.Yt, a head). They are gene- 

 rally large, ferocious, and dangerous ani- 

 mals, found mostly in Africa. The Gui- 

 nea Baboon (C. papia, Desm.) is an ex- 

 ample. 



CYNOMO'RIUM, a genus of plants. Mon- 

 oecia Honandria. The only known spe- 

 cies is the Fungus melitensis, a small plant 

 which grows in Sicily and Malta, and 

 which is used in medicine. 



CYN'OSCRE, xuvoffov^ce., the dog's tail ; 

 the tail of Ursa minor : the constellation 

 near the north pole, consisting of seven 

 stars, four of which are disposed like the 

 four wheels of a chariot, and the three 

 lengthwise like the beam: hence called 

 the chariot and Charles' wain. 



CYPEHA'CE.S, a tribe of plants answering 

 to the English sedges. The genus Cyperus 

 is the type. 



CYP'ERUS, a genus of plants. Iriandria 

 Monogynia. Name from xi>xoe.(?> a 

 little round vessel, which the roots are 

 said to resemble. The rush-nut and galan- 

 gale are examples. 



CY'PHER. See CIPHER. 



CY'PHONISM, xvtat, an instrument of 

 punishment. A species of punishment 

 anciently practised, which consisted in 

 besmearing the criminal with honey, and 

 then exposing him to insects. 



CYPR^'A, the cowry ; a genus of mollusks. 

 Class Gastropoda, order Pectinibranchiata, 

 family Buccinoida, Cuv. Animal, a slutr ; 

 shell, a beautiful univalve ; found in tro- 

 pical seas. Name from cyprins, the sb"!! 

 being used in some places as money. See 

 COWRY. 



CY'PRESS, a name common to all the 

 species of the genus Ci/prcssus, but espe- 

 cially applied to the C. scmperr.irens and 

 C. thyoides, forest-trees found in the South 

 of Europe, and in some parts of Asia and 

 America. It grows to a great size, and 

 is much valued for its timber. 



CYPRI'NI-S, a genus of fishes. Order 

 Malcopteryoii Abdominal en, family Ciprin- 

 idte. Name from zivrctvef, from xiKretf. 

 Venus, in allusion to the beauty of si>vi ; nil 

 of the species, of which the carp (ot 

 which there are several varieties), the 

 bream, the guduroon. the tench, the sucker, 

 and the dace, are examples. 



Cv'i'itis, xir-Tfn, a genus of niicrosc(.ui 



