DAB 



DAG 



crustaceans, inhabiting the waters of 

 lakes and marshes. Their shelly coverings 

 are found exceedingly abundant in cer- 

 tain clay beds of the "Wealden, in the 

 Sussex marble, &c. 



CY'PSELA, XV^I*.YI, a bee-hive. In bo- 

 tany, one-seeded, one-celled, indehiscent 

 fruit, with the integuments of the seed 

 not cohering with the endocarp. 



CYRK'.NIANS. The philosophers of a 

 school founded at Cyrene, in the north of 

 Africa, by Aristippus, a disciple of So- 

 crates. 



CYST, Lat. cystis (xuirris), a bag. 1. The 



urinary bladder. 2. The membraneous 



bag containing any morbid substance. 



CYS'TIC, Lat. cysticus, relating to the 

 urinary or gall bladder, as the cystic aride, 

 a peculiar animal product supposed to be 

 generated in the kidneys. 



CYSTICER'CUS, from xua-rt;, a bladder, 

 and xtexo;, a tail; the tailed bladder- 

 worm : 'a genus of worms of the hydatid 

 tribe. Five of the species are found in 

 the human body. 



CYSTIT'OME, from xvvri;, a cyst, and 

 ripviu, to cut ; a surgical instrument for 

 opening the capsule of the crystalline 

 lens. 



CYSTOT'OMY, from xurTif, the bladder, 

 and rtu.vtv, to cut : the operation of cutting 

 into the bladder, and of opening incysted 

 tumours. 



CY'TISINE, a bitter, nauseous, emetic, 

 and poisonous principle, detected in the 

 seeds of the Cytisus laburnum. 



CYT ists, the Laburnum or Bean trefoil 

 tree : a genus of shrubs. DiadelphiaDe- 

 eandria. Name from xuritros , genus Fru- 

 ticis. The pigeon pea-tree is the C. cajan, 



CYZIC'EN us. Anciently, a large hall de- 

 corated with sculpture. 



CZAR, the title assumed by the Emperor 

 of Russia. The word is Sclavonic, and is 

 nearly equivalent to king. 



CZARI'NA, the title of the Empress of 

 Hussia. 



D. 



D, the fourth letter of the alphabet, as 

 a numeral stands for 500; with a dash 

 over it thus IT, it stands for 5,000. As a 

 sign, it is one of the Dominical or Sunday 

 letters; and in music, it is the nominal of 

 the second note of the natural diatonic 

 scale of C. 



DAAL'DER, a Dutch silver coin, value 

 2*. Id. 



DAB, a name common to all the species 

 of the genus Pleuronccles, but especially 

 applied to the P. limanda. Linn., a fish, 

 called also the salt-water flounder or fluke. 

 It is a flat fish, found frequently on the 

 sandy banks of the British coasts. 



IK C\PO. In music, an Italian phru>e 

 signifying that the tirst part of the tune 

 is to be repeated from the beginning tjrom 

 the head). 



DACE, a river fish, the Cyprinus leuchcus , 

 Lin. It is longer and more slender than 

 the roach. 



DA'COITS, an East Indian word signify- 

 ing f/aiHj-robbers. 



DACTIL'IOGLYPH, G-r. from Saxrvt.iof, 

 a ring, and y^u^ta, I engrave ; the inscrip- 

 tion of the name of the artist on a gem. 



DACTILIOO'RAPHY (Gr.j, the science of 

 gem engraving. 



DAC'TYL, Lat. dactylus, a poetical foot 

 consisting of one long syllable and twa 

 short ones. 



DAC'TYLIC, an epithet for verses which 

 end with a dactyl instead of a spondee. 

 DACTYLioxH'ECA.Lat. from "Batxru^^xr,, 

 a cabinet or case containing finger- rintis, 

 (dctxniXiof, a ring), engraved gems, and 

 other jewellery. 



DACTYLOP'TKRUS, a genus of acantho- 

 pterygious fishes, celebrated under the 

 name offlying-fishes. Xame from ^UKTI/'/.'J; , 

 a finger, and jrrsgav, a fin or wing: the 

 peculiar construction of the subpectoral 

 rays enables the fish to rise above the 

 water and fly for a short distance. 



DACTYLOL'OGY, from ^xxrvKof, a finger, 

 and hoyo;, discourse ; finger - language 

 (q. v.) 



DAC'TYLOS, SOCXTV^O; ; the shortest mea- 

 sure among the Greeks, being the fourth 

 part of a palm. 



DA'DO (It.), a die; the square or cubiform 

 part of the pedestal of a column. 



D^'DALUS. In fabled history, the most 

 ancient statuary, architect, and mechanist 

 of Greece. 



D.IMONOMA'NIA, that species of melan- 

 choly in which the patient supposes him- 

 self to be under demoniacal influence. 



DAJ-'FY'S ELIXIR, compound tincture of 

 senna, made with treacle instead of sugar- 

 candy, and with the addition of aniseed 

 and elecampane root. 



DA'GON, one of the principal divinities 

 of the ancient Phoenicians and Syrians, 

 and especially of the Philistines. Hi 

 image was represented upwards in the 

 human shape, and downwards as a fish. 



DAGDER'REOTYPE, a species of photo- 

 genic drawing, in which the impression* 

 are taken by means of the camera obscura, 

 on plates of silvered copper, invented by 

 M. Daguerre. 



The metallic plate is exposed, in a 



well-closed box, to the action of the 



vapour of iodine, by which means it 



becomes covered with an extremely 



thin layer of ioduret of silver. The plate 



thus prepared, is placed in the dark 



chamber of the camera obscura, in such 



