DI A 



276 



DI A 



sweet-william, clove-pink, carnation, and 

 maiden-pink, are well-known species. 



DIAPA'BON, DIAPASE, from J/a ^ettrtav, 

 through all. A rule or scale whereby 

 nuisical-instrument-makers adjust the 

 pipes of organs, cut the holes of flutes, 

 hautboys, &c., in due proportion for per- 

 forming the tones, semitones, and con- 

 cords with precision. Most writers on 

 the theory of music use diapason to ex- 

 press the octa-ve of the Greeks. Con- 

 sidered simply, it is but one harmonical 

 interval; but considered diatonically, it 

 contains seven degrees, the three greater 

 tones, two lesser tones, and two greater 

 semitones. 



DIAPA'SOX-DIAPEXTE. In music, a com- 

 * pound consonance in a triple ratio, con- 

 sisting of nine tones and one semitone : a 

 twelfth. 



DIAPA'SON-DIATES'SARON. In music, a 

 compound concord, founded on the pro- 

 portion of 8 to 3, consisting of eight tones 

 and one semitone. 



DIAPA'SOX-DITONE. In mttstc, a com-, 

 pound concord, the terms of which are 

 as 5 to 2. 



DIAPA'SON-SEM'IDITONE. In music, a 

 compound concord, the terms of which 

 are as 12 to 5. 



DIAPEN'TE, from S<, and mttt, five, a 

 fifth. In music, an interval making the 

 second of the concords, and with the dia- 

 tessaron an octave. In pharmacy, a com- 

 position of five ingredients. 



DI'APER, a kind of cloth much used for 

 table-linen, thus named from Ypres (cloth 

 d'Ipre), in the Netherlands, where it 

 was first manufactured. It is named 

 by the French toile fourrfe, and is orna- 

 mented with the most extensive figures 

 of any kind of twisted cloth, except 

 damask. 



DIAPH'ONICS, the doctrine of refracted 

 sound. 



DIA'PHOBA, from SiotQigHu, to differ. A 

 rhetorical figure, in which a word, when 

 repeated, is taken in a different sense 

 from what it was at first understood. 



DI'APHRAQM, tiia.$%cfytMt> the midriff. 

 A muscle which divides the thorax from 

 the abdomen. It takes its name from this 

 position, diacQeuffffiv, to separate by a par- 

 tition ; hence diaphragmatic, pertaining 

 to the diaphgram, as the diaphragmatic 

 arteries, veins, &c. Hence also, diaphrag- 

 mitis, inflammation of the diaphragm. 



DIAPORE'SIS, dtavoeriirtf , doubt. The 

 name given to a rhetorical figure, in 

 which the speaker expresses his doubt or 

 hesitation as to the manner in which he 

 ought to proceed. 



DIARRHEA, from tiiotettu, to flow. A 

 purging, flux, or looseness, of which there 

 are several species. It differs from dysen- 



tery (q. v.) , and is not contagious. Dt'nr- 

 rhctic, purgative. 



DIARTHRO'SIS, from 3/a09, to articu- 

 late. A moveable collection of bones, of 

 which anatomists enumerate five species: 

 enarthrosis, arthrodia, ginglymua, trochoi- 

 des, and amphiarthrosis. The term diar- 

 throdial is applied to the cartilages cover- 

 ing the articular extremities of bones. 



DI'ASCHISM, 5;<r/<r,ct, a piece cut oftt 

 A term used in music to express the differ^ 

 ence between the comma and enhar- 

 monic diesis, commonly called the lesser 

 comma. 



DIASTAL'TIC, $iix,(rra.>.nzo;, dilated, 

 noble. Applied by the Greeks to certain 

 intervals in music, as the major third, 

 sixth, and seventh. 



DIAS'TASE, from Jwrew/?, separation. 

 A substance extracted by cold water from 

 crashed malt, and precipitated from its 

 solution by alcohol. It liquefies and sac- 

 charifies the paste of starch without ab- 

 sorption or disengagement of gas. 



DI'ASTEM, diaurrr,f&ix, an interval. Ap- 

 plied chiefly in music, but sometimes by 

 physicians in the same sense as diastasis 

 (q. v.). It is also used to express the in- 

 terval between the rising and falling 

 inflexions in reading and speaking. 



DIAS'TOLE, Stotg-ToXr,, dilatation. 1. In 

 medicine, dilatation of the heart and arte- 

 ries: opposed to systole. 2. In grammar, 



a figure of prosody, by which a syllable 

 naturally short is made long. 



DI'ASTYLE, from Sand trrvXos, a pillar. 

 An edifice of which the intercolumnia- 

 tion is equal to three mean diameters of 

 the columns. 



DIATES'SAHON, from 5;<x, and mro-atta, 

 four. A musical concord, composed of a 

 greater tone, a lesser tone, and one 

 greater semitone. Its proportion is 4 to 

 3, hence called a. perfect fourth. The name 

 is also given to the four gospels when 

 arranged harmonically ; and to a medicine 

 composed of four ingredients, gentian, 

 aristolochia, laurel-berries, and honey. 



DIATHER'MAL, J/a,and S-ieu.*i, warmth. 

 Applied to substances, such as transpa- 

 rent rock-salt, which suffer heat to pass 

 through them. 



DIA'THESIS, ^ictSr.fif, disposition. A 

 natural predisposition to certain diseases, 

 such as the scrofulous, rheumatic, can- 

 cerous, and calculous diatheses. 



DIAT'ONI, $iot, and roos, an extension. 

 In ancient architecture, the angle stones of 

 a wall. 



DIATO'NIC, from J/, and raa;, sound. 

 An epithet given to a musical scale or 

 gamut, as it proceeds by tones and semi- 

 tones. Thus we speak of a diatonic scale 

 or series, a diatonic interval, diatonic bar- 



