D YS 3 



.of turpentine is also sold under this 

 name. 



I>UTCH'-GOLD, an alloy of 11 copper and 

 2 xinc rolled into sheets ; hence frequently 

 called dutch-foil. It is manufactured 

 chiefly at the brass works of Hegermuhl. 



DUTCH SCHOOL. Inpainting; this school, 

 generally speaking, is founded on a 

 faithful representation of nature, without 

 attention to selection or refinement- 



DUTY, from due. 1. In commerce, any 

 tax or excise. - 2. Among engineers, the 

 work which a machine actually does, 

 measured by the weight raised and the 

 space through which it is raised conj ointly. 



Duu'jtviHi, 4 Among the Romans, 



DUU'MVIRATE. I magistrates, commis- 

 sioners, and other public officers were col- 

 lectively called duumviri ; and as two were 

 usually associated in the same function, 

 the office or government of the two thus 

 connected was termed a duumvirate. 



D-VALVE, or D SLIDE-VALVE. In steam- 

 engines, a valve employed for opening 

 and shutting the communications with 

 the steam cylinder, particularly in loco- 

 motive engines: named from its shape. 



DWARF- TREES. These may be produced 

 in three ways : by grafting on dwarf slow- 

 growing stocks ; by planting in pots of small 

 site filled with poor soil ; and by catting off 

 part of the tap and other roots. 



DWARF-WALLS, those about courts, on 

 which are iron rails ; but low walls in 

 general receive this name. 



DYADIC ARITHMETIC, is that in which 

 only two characters, 1 and 0, are used; 

 more commonly called binary arithmetic. 

 Dyadic from Suas, two. 



DTE. In architecture, any square body, 

 as the trunk of a pedestal. 



DYNAM'ETE 



power, /J.- 

 rptca, to measure,) an instrument for deter- 

 mining the magnifying power of telescopes. 



DYN'AMICS, from 5ufa,UlS, power; 

 the science of moving powers, or the action 

 of forces not in equilibria. As a branch 

 of mechanics, it treats of bodies in motion. 



DYNAMITE, a nitro-glycerine compound 

 first prepared by Nobel by mixing nitro- 

 glycerine with one third of its weight of 

 porous or inf utarial silica. Other Dynamites 

 hare since been prepared by substituting 

 for rilica, chalk and sawdust in varying pro- 

 portions, or other substances, according to the 

 explosire power required. 



DYNAMOM'ETER (see DYSAMETER): a 

 machine for estimating the amount of force 

 required to draw carriages, boat*, Ac. 



DYS'ASTY, SuycKTTrjV, a lord ; a race 

 or family of sovereigns in succession. 



DYS'ENTBRY, lat. dysenteria, Svs, 

 bad, and evrfpa. the bowels; bloody 

 flux, a disease known by contagious fever, 

 frequent griping stool, Ac. It U epidemical. 



3 EAR 



DYS'ODILE, from Sutrudr,f , fetid ; a min- 

 eral ol a greenish colour found near Syra- 

 cuse. It burns like coal, but gives out 

 during combustion a most intolerable 

 fetor. 



DYS'URY, Lat dysuria, Ju-, badly, and 

 ou$6v, urine ; difficulty in discharging the 

 urine. 



DYTIS'CUS, a numerous genus of aquatic 

 coleopterous insects, known popularly as 

 water -beetles. 



E. 



E, the second vowel and the fifth letter 

 of the English alphabet. As a numeral, 

 it stands for 250. In music, it denotes the 

 tone e-la-mi. In the calendar, it is the 

 fifth of the dominical letters. In chartt, 

 &c., it distinguishes the easterly points. 



EA'GLE. 1. In ornithology (see AQUILA). 

 2. In astronomy, a northern constella- 

 tion having its right wing contiguous to 



the equinoctial. 3. A gold coin of the 



United States of America, value 10 dol- 

 lars. 4. In architecture, the frontispiece 



or pediment of a Grecian temple. 5. In 



history, the symbol -of royalty. 6. In 

 heraldry, a bearing of frequent occur- 

 rence, particularly assumed by sovereigns 

 as the emblem of empire. 



EA/GLE-STONES, tetites ; a variety of ar- 

 gillaceous iron ore of a nodular form, 

 and varying in size from that of a walnut 

 to that of a man's head, and containing a 

 sort of loose kernel. It obtained this 

 name from a supposition that the eagle 

 carried them to her nest to facilitate the 

 laying of her eggs. 



EA'GLET. In heraldry, when there are 

 several eagles on the same escutcheon 

 they are termed eaglets. 



EAR. 1. In anatomy, auris ; the organ 

 of hearing, consisting of the outer-ear or 

 concha, at the bottom of which is the 

 drum or tympanum, like the skin of a 

 drum, and beneath the drum is a cavity 



terminated by the eustachian tube. 2. 



In music, the internal sense by which we 



perceive and judge of harmony. 3. In 



husbandry, that part of certain plants 

 (gramineous) which contains the flower 

 and seed, as an ear of barley. 



EAR'INOS. In ships, certain small ropes 

 employed to fasten the upper corners of a 

 sail to its respective yard. 



EAHL, a title borrowed from the Danes, 

 earlamh, noble. An earl is next below a 

 marquis and above a viscount. He had 

 formerly the government of a shire, and 

 was called a shireman. After the conquest, 

 earls were for some time called countt, 

 and from them shires have taken the 

 name of counties, and their wives at the 

 present time are titled counttsses. The 

 title is now totally unconnected with 



