E A S 



territorial jurisdiction. The coronet has 

 fight pyramidal points tipped with pearls, 

 rlflced alternately with as many straw- 

 berry leaves, lower than the pearls. 



EARL-MARSHAL (of England) , the eighth 

 great officer of state, who has the super- 

 intendence of military solemnities. The 

 office is hereditary in the family of the 

 Howards. 



EAR'NEST, Scot, earles. In commercial 

 law, a sum of money advanced by the 

 buyer of goods, in order to bind the seller 

 to the terms of the agreement. In Scot- 

 land servants are earled when they are 

 engaged, and the common earles-penny is 

 one shilling. 



EARTH. 1. In agronomy, the planet we 

 inhabit, the third in order from the sun, 



marked by the character ^. 2. In 



chemistry, the term earth was till recently 

 employed to denote a simple elementary 

 substance, which was neither inflammable 

 nor metallic ; but modern science has de- 

 monstrated that what were formerly 

 termed primitive earths are metallic ox- 

 ides. These are silica , alumina, lime, mag- 

 nesia, zirconia, glucina, yttria, baryta, 

 strontia, and thorina. Almost the whole 

 crust of the globe is composed of the first 

 three. 3. In agriculture, earths are dis- 

 tinguished from soils by their being with- 

 out organised matter. 



EARTH'QUAKE, a shock, concussion, or 

 Tibration of a tract or district of country, 

 usually accompanied by subterranean 

 noises, and spreading ruin widely around. 

 They seem to owe their origin to the 

 same class of ajencies as volcanoes, or 

 rather, it may be said, they are volcanic 

 irruptions diffused. See VOLCANO. 



EARTH- WORK. In engineering, a term 

 applied to cuttings, embankments, &c. 



EAR'-TRCMPET, an instrument used by 

 persons partially deaf, to strengthen the 

 sensation of sound, by conducting it 

 Through a funnel-shaped tube directly 

 into the ear. The ear-trumpet is some- 

 times made large, to be put to the ear as 

 occasion requires ; but the more advan- 

 tageous instrument of this sort is made 

 to fit into the ear, and to lead the sound 

 directly upon the tympanum. 



EA'SEL, the frame on which painters 

 place their canvas. Hence, easel-pieces 

 are those smaller pictures painted on the 

 easel, as contradistinguished from large 

 paintings on walls, &c. 



EA'SEMENT. In law, any privilege which 

 one man has of another without profit, 

 s a way through his lands. 



EASE OFF, EASE Aw AT, in nautical 

 language, is the order to slacken a rope 

 gradually. 



E*SE THE SHIP, the command given to 

 t'ae steersman to put the helm close to 

 the .ee-side, or hard-a-lte. 



4 T. CC 



EA'STERI.IVO. a coin stnink nv H-rn-fd 

 II., and supposed to have ihveii ri*. o 

 the term sterling, as applied to En^t^h 

 money. 



EAST INDIA COMPANY. A famous joint- 

 stock association, originally established 

 to carry on the trade between this coun- 

 try and the countries east of the Cape of 

 Good Hope. 



EA'ST, the sea term for a ship moving 

 over e sea without jerking or straining. 



EAU DE COLOGNE French), a prepara- 

 tion to which numerous virtues have 

 been ascribed by its venders. It is sim- 

 ply brandy highly aromatised. 



EAU DE LUCE (French), a volatile liquid 

 formed chiefly of ammonia, a little mastic 

 macerated in alcohol, and a very little of 

 the oils of lavender and amber. 



EAU ME'DICINALE (French), medicinal 

 water. A vinous infusion of the flowers 

 of colchicuni, long celebrated for the cure 

 of gout. 



EAVES' LATH, BOARD, or CATCH, a thick 

 feather-edged board at the eaves, to raise 

 the bottom of the first course of slates 

 above the sloping plane of the side of the 

 roof, that the next course may be pro- 

 perly bedded. 



E'EIONITES, a very ancient religion* 

 sect, who would not allow that Christ was 

 any more than an inspired person, the 

 son of Joseph and Mary. 



EB'ONT-WOOD, brought chiefly from 

 Madagascar, the Mauritius, and Ceylon. 

 There are several species, but the best is 

 the jet-black, and free from veins. It is 

 the wood of the Diospyros ebenus, a smalt 

 tree. 



E'BORE(-ACENSIS). In church government, 

 the signature of the Archbishop of York , 

 the Christian name being usually pre- 

 fixed, and the part of the local word 

 which precedes the brackets. 



EBRAC'TEATE, Lat. ebracteatus, without 

 a bractea, or floral leaf. 



ECAC 'DATE, from e, without, and cauda, 

 a tail, without a tail. Applied to plants 

 which have no tail or spur. 



EC'BASIS, txGottrif- In rhetoric, the 

 figure of digression. 



EC'BOLE, tzSofo,. In rhetoric, a digres- 

 sion, in which the speaker introduces 

 another person speaking his own words. 



EC'CB HO'MO, behold the Man! A 

 painting which represents Christ with 

 the crown of thorns on his head. John 

 xix. 5. 



EC'CENTRIC, from ex, and centrum, cen- 

 tre ; deviating from the centre : opposed 

 to concentric. In geometry, the term ec- 

 centric is used substantively to denote 

 two circles or spheres, which though 

 contained in some measure within each 

 other, have not the same centre. Thus 

 au eccentric or eccentric wheel i* in general 



