EST 



314 



ETH 



n'lc, from ttrwnqos, interior; an 

 private instruc- 

 'ythagoras; op- 



>pithet applied to the private instruc- 

 of Pytl 



tions and doctrines 

 posed to exoteric or public. 



ESPAR'TO, the Spanish name of a species 

 of rush, the Stipa tenacissima, Lin., des- 

 cribed by Pliny under the name of Sparta. 

 It is extensively used in the manufacture 

 of cables, and various things of a fibrous 

 nature, especially alpergates, a light sort 

 of shoes worn by the Valencian peasantry. 



ESPLAN A'DE, Fr. from Lat. planus. The 

 empty space between the glacis of a cita- 

 del and the first houses of the town ; or 

 the glacis of the counterscarp or covert- 

 way towards the champaign. 



ES'PLEES. In law, the general products 

 which lands yield, or the profit which is 

 to be made of a thing. 



Es'auiRE, from Fr. escuier, and scutifier, 

 and Lat. armiger, armour-bearer ; the 

 armour-bearer or attendant on a knight. 

 The dignity is next below a knight. 



ESSE'NES, a sect among the Jews in the 

 time of our Saviour. 



ES'SEHA, from eshera, an Arabic word, 

 literally meaning papula; a species of 

 cutaneous eruption, distinguished by 

 broad, shining, smooth, red spots; differ- 

 ing from the nettle-rash in being ele- 

 vated. 



ES'SOIN. In laio (from Norm, exon, ex- 

 cuse;, an excuse fora person summoned 

 to appear and answer in a court, on ac- 

 count of sickness or other reasonable 

 cause. In England the three first days 

 of a term are called essoin-days, these be- 

 ing allowed for the appearance of suitors. 



ES'SORANT. In heraldry, a term for a 

 bird standing on the ground with its 

 wings expanded, as if it had been wet, 

 and was drying itself. 



ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PORT. The in- 

 terval between the time of high water at 

 any given port, and the time of the moon's 

 transit immediately preceding, when the 

 moon is in syzygy. 



ESTACA'DE (Fr.), a military term for a 

 dike constructed with piles in the sea, a 

 river, or morass, to oppose the entry of 

 troops. 



ESTAFFETTE', ) a name given on the 



ESTAFETTE, } Continent of EllTOpC tO 



a state messenger. 



ESTATE. In law (from status), the inte- 

 rest which a man has in lands, tenements, 

 Ac. Heal estate consists of lands or free- 

 holds ; personal estate consists in chattels 

 or moveables. 



ESTIVA'TION. In botany (from cestas, sum- 

 mer), the disposition of the petals within 

 the floral gem or bud. These are con- 

 volute, imbricate, conduplicate, or val- 

 vate. 



ESTOP'PEL, from Fr. estmiper, to block 

 ap. In law, an impediment or bar of 

 action arising from a man's own act or 



deed, against which he is forbidden to 

 plead. 



ESTO'VEBS. In law (from Norm, extoffer, 

 to store), reasonable allowance out of 

 lands or goods for the sustenance of a 

 felon in prison, for a woman divorced, 

 &c. The term is more commonly taken 

 for the allowance of wood to tenants, 

 called from the Saxon house-bote, plough- 

 bote, fire-bote, cart-bote, &c. 



ES'TRAPPADE, Fr. strappado. The defence 

 of a restive horse, when he rises before, 

 and yerks out his hind legs furiously. 



ESTREAT'. In law, a copy, note, or an 

 extract of some original record, especially 

 that of fines. 



ES'TREATB, Norm, estraite. A law term 

 for the copy of an original writing. 



ESTRB'PEMENT. In law (from Norm. 

 estreper, to waste), the stripping of land 

 by a tenant to the prejudiee of the owner. 



ESTRICH, I the fine soft down which 



ESTRIDGE, J lies immediately under the 

 feathers of the ostrich (q. v.). 



ETC., an abbreviation of et ceetera, and 

 so on, written also &c. 



ETCH'ING, from Germ, etizen ; a mode of 

 engraving on copper, &c., the lines being 

 corroded in with nitric acid, instead of 

 being cut with a graver, and which for 

 many purposes is superior to any point 

 engraving. The name is also applied by 

 the artist to the lines drawn through the 

 etching-varnish upon the plate by the sty- 

 lus, or etching-needle, which are after- 

 wards to be deepened by aquafortis. 



ETE'SIAS, from in/rio;, fixed, applied 

 to certain periodical winds, answering to 

 the monsoons of the East Indies. The 

 ctesian winds mentioned by the Greek 

 and Roman writers, are the periodical 

 winds of the Mediterranean. 



E'THER, Lat. aether. 1. In chemistry, a 

 volatile, inflammable liquid, -prepared by 

 the distillation of alcohol with an acid : 



the sulphuric ether is the best known. 



2. The hypothetical subtile fluid or gas 

 which fills space, and which is infinitely 

 more rare than atmospheric air. From 

 this we have the epithet ethereal, in ethe- 

 real regions, &c. ; and the same term is 

 applied in pharmacy to any highly recti- 

 fied essential oil or spirit. 



E'THIOPS, a term applied by the old 

 chemists to several preparations, because 

 they are black (like the Ethiopian's skin). 

 Thus : E. martial, the black oxide of iron ; 

 E. mineral, the black sulphuret of mer- 

 cury ; E. per se, the black oxide of mer- 

 cury, formed by agitation, with access of 

 air. The term is obsolete. 



ETH'MOID, from tQo: , a sieve, and u$of, 

 like ; sieve- like : applied to a bone of the 

 nose, because it is perforated like a sieve 

 or sponge. 

 ETH?ioo'R\puT, t^KK, nation, 



