EXC 



317 



EXC 



HW'RT, from Sax. Twer, an officer of the 

 wyal household, who has charge of the 

 table-linen, &c. 



EXACERBA'TION, from exacerbo, to irri- 

 tate ; a nosological term for any increase 

 in the intensity of the symptoms of a dis- 

 ease recurring at intervals ; synonymous 

 with paroxysm. 



EX.Z'RESIS, from j|;sa<, to remove ; 

 that branch of surgery which comprises 

 all operations for the removal of what- 

 ever is injurious or superfluous to the 

 body, as tumours, foreign bodies, &c. 



EXALTA'DOS. In Spanish history, the 

 name of the party attached to the liberal 

 system of politics. 



E\AI.TA'TION. In astrology, the dignity 

 which a planet acquires in certain signs 

 of the zodiac, which dignity was sup- 

 posed to give it a peculiar influence. 



EXAN'GY, 1 from e| and ctyyuov, a ves- 



EXAS'OIA, / sel ; a generic name for 

 those diseases which consist in enlarge- 

 ment, breach, or other morbid perforation 

 of a large blood-vessel without external 

 opening, as aneurism, varix, and cyania. 



EXAN'THEMA, ) 6|ax^/Aa, fromt fayQui, 



EXANTHISMA, ) to effloresce ; a term in 

 nosology for an eruption or rash which is 

 accompanied with fever, and which has 

 its regular periods of efflorescence and 

 decline. 



EXAX'THESIS, tgctvOwtf , from i%v6li, 

 to effloresce ; properly, the breaking out 

 of an efflorescence on the skin, but ap- 

 plied also to the efflorescence itself. 



Ex' ARCH, from ae^of, a chief. 1. A 

 prefect under the ancient Eastern empe- 

 rors. 2. A legate of the Greek church. 



Ex CATHEDRA, a Latin phrase, applied 

 to every decision pronounced by one in 

 the exercise of his peculiar authority ; a 

 professor in his lecture-room, a judge 

 from the bench. 



EX'CELLENCY, Lat. excellentia, a title of 

 honour, formerly given to kings and em- 

 perors, but now given to governors, am- 

 bassadors, &c. , who are elevated by virtue 

 of particular offices. It is in no case he- 

 reditary or transferable, but belongs to 

 the office. 



EXCEPTION, from ex and capio, to take ; 

 a term in law implying a denial of what 

 is alleged, and considered as valid by the 

 other party, either in point of law or in 

 pleading. It is a stay or stop to an ac- 

 tion, and is either dilatory or peremptory. 



EXCERP'TA (Latin), things picked out; 

 selections. 



EXCESS, excesmt. In mathematics, the 

 difference between two unequal numbers 

 or quantities. 



EXCHA'NOE. In commerce, a term ge- 

 nerally used to designate that species of 

 mercantile transactions by which the 

 debts of individuals residing at a distance 



from their creditors are cancelled witft- 

 out the transmission of money. For in- 

 stance, A in London owes B of Hamburgh 

 a certain sum, and C of Hamburgh owes 

 D of London a like sum ; A then, instead 

 of remitting the sum due to B, buys a bill 

 upon Hamburgh, that is, he buys an order 

 from D of London addressed to his debtor 

 C of Hamburgh, and having indorsed it, 

 transmits it to B of Hamburgh, who re- 

 ceives the money from C. Thus A of Lon- 

 don pays D of ditto, and C of Hamburgh 

 pays B of ditto, and yet no money is re- 

 mitted. Bills of this nature are called 

 bills of exchange, and these are foreign 

 when drawn by the merchants of one 

 country upon another, and inland when 

 drawn in one part of a country upon, 

 another part. The par of exchange is the 

 equivalency of a certain amount of the 

 currency of one country in the currency 

 of another country, supposing the cur- 

 rencies of both to be precisely of the- 

 eight and purity fixed by their mints. 

 The course of exchange, that is, the varia- 

 tions above and below par, depends on the 

 same causes that regulate the price of 

 commodities generally, the quantity in 

 the market. Thus if Hamburgh be pro- 

 portionally little indebted to London, 

 then are bills upon Hamburgh scarce, 

 and the London merchant, who wants 

 them to remit to Hamburgh, pays dearly 

 for them, and complains that the ex- 

 change is above par; whereas the Ham- 

 burgh merchant can procure bills upon 

 London below par, because they are pro- 

 portionally plentiful. In London, billa of 

 exchange are bought and sold by brokers. 

 These meet for the purpose of transact- 

 ing business in the exchange. The arith- 

 metical rule by which we find how much 

 money of one place is equivalent to a 

 given sum of another, according to a cer- 

 tain course of exchange, is called simply 

 exchange ; but that by which we calcu- 

 late the exchanges of different places 

 with a view to ascertain the most advan- 

 tageous mode of liquidating a foreign 

 debt, is called arbitration of exchange. 

 This is simple when the exchanges of 

 three places are considered, and compound 

 when four or more are concerned. 



EXCHEQ'UER, an ancient court of record, 

 intended principally to collect and super- 

 intend the revenues and debts of the 

 crown, and so called from scaccharium, 

 denoting a chequered cloth which covers 

 the table. It consists of two divisions : 

 the receipt of the exchequer, which ma- 

 nages the revenue, and judicial, which is 

 subdivided into a court of equity and a 

 court of common law. 



ExcHEacER-siLLs are bills or tickets is 

 sued by the Exchequer, payable out of tho 

 produce of a particular tax, or gfciwfah/ 

 out of the supplies granted for the you. 



