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or extendi facias, commanding a sheriff to 

 value the lands of a debtor. Sometimes 

 the term is taken as the act of the sheriff 

 or other commissioner in making the va- 

 luation upon the writ. 



EXTERMINATION. In algebra, surds, 

 fractions, and unknown quantities, are 

 exterminated, eradicated, or extirpated by 

 the rules for reducing equations. 



EXTINCTION, the trituration of Mer- 

 cury with some other substance till the 

 globules disappear, is sometimes called 

 the extinction of the mercury, but the 

 word killing is more commonly used. 



EXTINGUISHMENT. In late, extinction; 

 consolidation of an estate with another. 



EXTIP'ULATE, Lat. extipulatm, without 

 stipulae ; applied to stems of plants. 



EXTRACT', from ex and traho, to draw. 

 1. In literature, a piece selected from a 



book, &c. 2. In law, a copy or draught 



of a writing. 3. In chemistry, the so- 

 luble matter obtained from vegetables by 

 decoction, reduced by careful evapora- 

 tion of the menstruum to a pasty or solid 

 consistence. Fourcroy made many re- 

 searches upon vegetable extracts, and was 

 led to the conclusion that they all had a 

 common basis, which he called the ex- 

 tractive principle ; but Chevreul and 

 others have since proved that this pre- 

 tended principle is a heterogeneous and 

 very variable compound. The subject, 

 however, still requires further exami- 

 nation. 



EXTRACTION , from extract. In arith- 

 metic and algebra, the extraction of roots 

 is the operation of finding the root of a 

 given number or quantity ; also the rule 

 by which the operation is performed. 



EXTR.V'DOS, the outside of an arch of a 

 bridge, vault, &c., in contradistinction to 

 intrados. 



EXTRAFOLIA'CEOCS, Lat. extrafoliacemtt, 

 underneath the leaf; applied to stipulae 

 which are below the footstalk, and exter- 

 nal with respect to the leaf. 



EXTRAV'AOANTS. In ecclesiastical his- 

 tory, certain decretal epistles which were 

 published after the Clementines, and not 

 at first arranged and digested with the 

 other papal constitutions. 



EXTRAVAGAN'ZA. In music, the Italian 

 word for any wild and incoherent com- 

 position. The term is used also for a spe- 

 cies of irregular dramatic compositions, 

 generally of the burlesque kind. 



EXTREME, Lat. extremes, last. 1. In 

 logic, the extremes of a syllogism are the 

 predicate and subject. 2. In mathema- 

 tics, the extremes of a proportion are the 

 first and last terms. 3. In music, em- 

 ployed in describing those intervals in 

 which the diatonic distances are increased 

 or diminished by a chromatic semitone. 

 4. Extreme unction, is one of the seven 

 tacraments of the Romish Church. 



EXTRE'MITY, Lat. extremitas, the utmost 

 point; the extremities of the body, in 

 painting and sculpture, are the head, 

 hands, and feet, but in anatomy the term 

 is applied to the limbs, as distinguishing 

 them from the head and trunk. 



EXC'VIJE, Lat. from exuo, to strip off. 

 The cast off skins of those animals which 

 change their skin by a natural process, 

 as the sloughs of serpents. The term has 

 also been extended to shells, &c., and in 

 geological language to all animal remaint 

 found in a petrified state in the earth ; 

 fossils. 



Ex VO'TO (Latin), a votive gift, such as 

 a picture dedicated to a temple. 



ETE, the organ of sight, from Sax. et or 

 ey, water, an island. The word has 

 many trivial applications derived from 

 the form, uses, &c. of the eye. Thus we 

 speak of the eye of a peacock's feather, 

 the eye of a needle, of hooks and eyes (the 

 eyes being the catches for the hooks) , aad 

 we apply the word eye in a very similar 

 sense to certain loops in block and tackle 

 apparatus. The eyes of a ship are the 

 parts which are near the hawse-holes, 

 particularly in the lower apartments. 

 The eyes of a plant are the buds from 

 which shoots proceed. The eyes of a po- 

 tato, are those points at which the new- 

 sprouts issue, but the eye of an apple, &c., 

 is the depression opposite the stalk ; and 

 the bud or shoot inserted into a tree by 

 way of graft, is an eye. The eye of an 

 anchor is the hole wherein the ring of the 

 anchor is put into the shank. The eye of 

 a block strop is the place by which it is 

 fastened or suspended to any particular 

 place upon the sails ; and that part of a 

 stay which is formed into a collar to go 

 round the mast-head, is termed the eye 

 of the stay. In architecture, any round 

 window made in a pediment, an attic, the 

 reins of a vault, &c., is called an fye ; and 

 an aperture at the top of a dome, usually 

 covered by a lantern, is termed the eya 

 of the dome. Similarly the centre of a vo- 

 lute is called the eye. 



EYE'-BOLT. In ships, a bar or bolt of 

 iron with an eye in one end of it, formed 

 to be driven into the deck or sides for the 

 purpose of hooking tackle to. 



EYE'STONE, a small calcareous stone 

 used for taking substances from between 

 the lid and ball of the eye. 



EYB'TOOTH, the two upper cuspidati, 

 thus called because the fangs extend up 

 to near the orbit. 



EYRE, Lat. ites, jonrney. In late, signi- 

 fies the court of justices itinerant. 



F. 



F, the sixth letter of the alphabet, as a 

 numeral denotes 40, and with a dash over 

 it, thus, F, it stands for 40,000. 



