FAT 



324 



FAV 



, Fellow of the An- 

 tiquarian Society. 



FAS-'CES (Lat.), bundles of rods and axes 

 carried before the Roman consuls, as a 

 badge of their office. 



FAS'CKTS. In glass-making, the irons 

 thrust into the mouths of bottles to con- 

 vey them to the annealing tower. 



FAS'CIA (Lat.), a band or fillet. In ar- 

 chitecture, a broad fillet or band, particu- 

 larly used in architraves and pedestals. 

 In anatomy, a tendinous expansion of a 

 muscle, inclosing others like a band, 

 binding them to their places. In astro- 

 nomy, the belts seen on the discs of the 

 superior planets, Mars, Jupiter, and Sa- 

 turn, are called fasciae. 



FAS'CICLE, | Lat. fasciculus, from fascis, 



FAS'CICTJLE, j a bundle, a little bundle. 

 A term in botany for a manner of flower- 

 ing, in which there are several flowers on 

 little stalks, variously inserted and sub- 

 divided, e. g. sweet-william. 



FASCIC'ULAR, Lat. fascicularis, bundled. 

 Applied to roots which are sessile at their 

 base, and consist of bundles of finger-like 

 processes, &c. 



FASCIC'ULATZ, Lat. /asriVtttotas.bundled 

 or clustered. Applied to nerves, stems of 

 plants, leaves, and flowers. 



FASCINA'TIOX, from fascino. A species 

 of witchcraft or enchantment by the in- 

 fluence of the eye. The notion of an evil 

 eye, not yet entirely forgotten among the 

 ignorant, is a vestige of this superstition. 



FAS'CINES, bundles, from fascis, a bun- 

 dle. The term is used, in fortification, for 

 those bundles of rods, bound at both ends 

 and in the middle, used for raising batte- 

 ries, filling ditches, strengthening ram- 

 parts, making parapets, &c. 



FASH'ION-PIECES. In ships, the hinder- 

 most timbers, which terminate the 

 breadth, and form the shape of the stern. 



FAB'TI, the Roman calendar, wherein 

 were expressed the several days of the 

 year, with their feasts, games, and other 

 ceremonies. 



FASTIO'I ATE, "L&t.ftutigiatut, flat- topped. 

 Applied to umbelliferous flowers, &c. 



FASTIG'ICM, the Latin name for the 

 Greek JEtos, the apex, summit, or ridge 

 of a house or pediment. 



FAT, the oily concrete substance depo- 

 sited in the cells of the adipose or cellular 

 membrane of animal bodies. The fats 

 differ in different animals, but they are 

 all chiefly composed of stearine, mar- 

 garine, and oleine, with a little colouring 

 and odorous matter. The fat of the goat 

 yields hircine, that of the dolphin phoce- 

 nine, and butter yields butyrine. They 

 saponify with alkalies, and generate the 

 stearic, margaric, and oleic acids. 



FA'TA MOROA IA, the fairy Morgana. A 

 tingular optical deception which fre- 

 q^ently occurs in the Straits of Mesina, 



between Sicily and the coast of Calabria, 

 and sometimes, though rarely, on other 

 coasts. It consists in the objects ashore 

 being delineated on the surface of the sea 

 in magnificent and fantastic fashions, and 

 is the effect of atmospheric refraction. 



FA'TALIST. In ethics, one who main- 

 tains that all things happen by invincible 

 necessity or fate. This doctrine constitutes 

 fatalism. 



FA'THER. An adoptive father is he who 

 adopts the children of another. A natural 

 father is the father of illegitimate children . 

 A putative father is a reputed or supposed 

 father. Fathers of the Church were the 

 early Christian writers, whose works have 

 thrown light upon the primitive history 

 of Christianity. 



FA'THERLASH'ER, a fish, the Cottus bubu- 

 lut, Cuv. Called in Scotland the Lucky 

 Proach. It is at once recognised by its 

 well-armed head, and long spines. 



FATH'OM, Sax. faet.hem. A measure of 

 length, equal to six feet, employed in ma- 

 rine and mining operations, in measuring 

 vertical distances. 



FAU'CES, plural of faux. I. In anatomy, 



the gorge or opening of the pharynx. 



2. In botany, see FAUX. 



FAULT. In mining, &c., a break of 

 strata, with displacement, which inter- 

 rupt the miner's operations, and put him 

 nt fault, by an apparently abrupt termina- 

 tion of the vein or bed. Faults consist of 

 fissures, which often traverse the strata 

 for miles, and are generally accompanied 

 by depression on one side of the line, and 

 elevation on the other. They are nume- 

 rous in coalfields. 



FATJ'NA, Lat. fauni. The animals pecu- 

 liar to a country constitute its fauna, as 

 the plants constitute its flora. 



FAUNS, Lat./wnt. Rural deities among 

 the Romans, inhabiting the woods and 

 forests, represented with horns, sharp- 

 pointed ears, and bodies like goats. They 

 are also termed syhans, or sylvan deities. 



FACSSE'SRAYE. In fortification, a small 

 mound of earth, four fathoms wide, erected 

 on the level round the foot of the ram- 

 part. 



FAUX, plural fauces, a mouth. In botany, 

 the opening of the tube of a monopetalous 

 plant. In concholoay, the first chamber 

 of a shell, seen by looking in by the 

 aperture. 



FACX JOUR (French), false light. Tsed 

 in the fine arts, to signify that a picture 

 is placed so that the light falls upon it 

 from a different side from that which the 

 painter has represented it in the painting. 



FA'VOSE, Lat. favosta, honeycomb-like. 

 1. Applied to some cutaneous diseases. 

 2. To parts of plants. 



FA'VUS (Lat.), a honeycomb. The name 

 given to a pustule larger than the achor. 

 flatter, and not acuminated. 



