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PTJL 



FRITH-GILD. In archtcoloyy, a guildhall, I 

 also a company or fraternity. 



FHITHSOKEN. In law, a liberty of hav- 

 ing frankpledge or surety of defence. 



FROO. 1. In zoology (see RAN A and 

 Hi LA.) 2. In farriery, the hard frog- 

 like protuberance in the middle of the 

 lower part of a horses hoof, pointed to- 

 wards the forepart, and expanded towards 

 the heel like a wedge. 



FROND, Lat./rois,the leaf or bough of a 

 tree ; now applied by botanists to the 

 cryptogamic plants only, to signify that 

 the stem, root, and leaf, are all in one, as 

 ill the ferns, fuci, &c. 



FRONDES'CENCE, from frondesco. A. term 

 in botany for the precise time of the year 

 and month in which a plant flowers. 



FRON'TATE, from frons,-dis. An epithet 

 for leaves which continually become 

 broader, and at last perhaps terminate 

 in a right line : opposed to cttspate. 



FRONT'IS, Os, the frontal bone, or bone 

 forming the forehead. 



FRON'TISPIECE. 1. In architecture, the 



ornamental front of a building. 2. An 



ornamental engraving fronting the title- 

 page of a book. 



FRON'TON. In architecture, a French 

 term used to denote an ornament over a 

 door or pediment. 



F.R. 8., an abbrev. of Fraternitatis Re- 

 g:ce Socins, Fellow of the Royal Society. 



FRUS'TUM. In geometry, a Latin word 

 for a jiart of a regular solid next the base, 

 left by cutting off the top or segment by 

 a plane parallel to the base, as the frus- 

 tum of a cone, of a pyramid, of a conoid, 

 &C. The frustum of a sphere is any part 

 comprised between two parallel sections. 



FDCH'SIA, a genus of arborescent plants. 

 Octandria Monogynia. Warm climates, 

 as Chili and Mexico. 



Fo'ccs, the name of an extensive genus 

 of cryptogamic plants. Order Algae. The 

 gulph weed, red dulce, sea girdle, and 

 hangers, daber locks, corsican worm- 

 weed, sea lentil, dulce or dills, sea oak or 

 sea wrack, &c., are all species, as indeed 

 are most of those plants called sea- weed, 

 some of which are eaten raw, as a salad, 

 others are used medicinally, some afford 

 soda, others contain iodine, and one spe- 

 cies when burned affords the vegetable 

 .TEthiops of the shops. Name fucus, from 

 fvxos , means simply a sea- weed, but the 

 term was also applied by the Romans to 

 certain dyes, &c. 



FUE'ROS. The term by which in Spain 

 the peculiar privileges of certain pro- 

 vinces are distinguished. 



FU'OA, \ In music, a movement in 



FU'OUE. ) which the leading part or 

 first treble is followed by the second, the 

 second treble by the tenor, the tenor by 

 the bass, it close succession. 



FU'OLKMAX or FI.UOELM AN, Gcrm.^S^eJ, 

 wing. Au officer who takes his place in 

 front of a regiment, as a guide to the sol- 

 diers in the movement of the drill. 



FUL'CRA, Lat. plu. of fulcrum, a prop; 

 props or supports. A term used by Lin- 

 na?us to denote not only those organs of 

 vegetation properly called props, but also 

 various appendages to the herbage, none 

 of which are universal or essential, and 

 no plant is furnished with them all. Tho 

 greater fulcra are the roots, trunk, and 

 branches ; the lesser are the petioles, ten- 

 drils, suckers and runners. The fulcra of 

 a flower are the peduncle, scape and re- 

 ceptacle. 



FULCRUM (Lat.), a support; a term in 

 mechanics for the prop which supports a 

 lever. 



FUL'OORITZ, Lat. fulguritus, anything 

 struck by lightning. A term used to de - 

 signate a mineral with marks of fusion, 

 supposed to be from the action of light- 

 ning. 



FULGTJR'ATION, fromfnlgeo, to shine. A 

 term used by assayers to denote the sud- 

 den brightening of the melted gold or 

 silver in the cupel, when the last film of 

 vitreous lead and copper leaves their 

 surface. 



FD'LICA. 1. The lantern-carriers or fire- 

 flies, a genus of hemipterous insects. 



2. The coots, a genus of birds. Order 

 Grallatorice, family Macrodactytt, Cuv. 

 The genus according to Linnaeus compre- 

 hends the Gallinula, Briss. and Lath., the 

 Porphyrio, Briss., and the Fulica, Briss., 

 which comprises the true coots, of which 

 there is only one species in Europe, the 

 F. atra, Germ., found wherever there is 

 a pond. 



FCL'LER'S EARTH. A clay of a greenish 

 and somewhat spotted colour, very soft, 

 and feels unctuous to the touch. Thus 

 named from its being used by fullers to 

 take the grease out of cloth before apply- 

 ing soap. It contains 63 silex, 25 alumina, 

 and 12 water. 



FUL'LINO, the business of scouring, 

 cleansing, and pressing woollen cloths, 

 &c., to render them closer and stronger ; 

 called also milling, because these cloths 

 are in point of fact scoured by a water- 

 mill. 



~F-c-L'xiyA."Cfs,fulminntwg powders. There 

 are several species, such as fulminating 

 gold, silver, mercury, &C-, but the only- 

 kind at all interesting is the fulminate of 

 mercury, now extensively used as priming 1 

 to the caps of percussion locks. 



FcLiii'xic ACID, the explosive consti- 

 tuent of the fulminates. It has exactly 

 the same constitution as cyanic acid, yet 

 the compounds of the latter do not deto- 

 nate and afford in their decomposition by 

 an oxygen acid, ammonia with carbonie 

 acid: while those of the former afford 



