O AL 



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GAL 



GALE'NA, from yxXu. to shine. A na- 

 tive sulphuret of lead, called also lead- 

 glance. Its colour is bluish-grey ; it occurs 

 regularly crystallised, frequently in cubes 

 and cubo-octahedrons. 



GALENA-PSKUDO, false galena. A dark- 

 coloured variety of sulphuret of zinc. 



GA'I.ENISTS. In ecclesiastical history, a 

 sub-division of the sett of \Vaterlandians 

 in the 17th century. In medicine, the fol- 

 lowers of Galen. 



GALEOPITH'ECCS, a genus of Cheiropte- 

 rous mammalia: order Carnaria, Cuv. 

 One species only is well ascertained, the 

 Flying Lemur of the Molucca islands, 

 Straits of Sunda, &c. 



GALERU'CA, a genus of Coleopterous in- 

 sects : family Cyclica. This genus is di- 

 vided by Cuvier into two sections ; those 

 which have the power of leaping he 

 places in the section Anisopoda, and those 

 which are destitute of this power, form 

 the section Isopoda. 



GAL'IPOT, a name of a white, semi- 

 solid, resinous substance, found on fir- 

 trees, especially the maritime pine. It 

 incrusts the wounds of fir-trees during 

 winter. 



GA'LICM, an extensive genus of small 

 plants. Tttrandria Monorjynia. Name 

 from yAe, inilk ; because one species, 

 tne G. verum, or cheese-rennet, has the 

 property of coagulating milk. There are 

 12 British species besides the cheese-ren- 

 net ; and all the exotic species inhabit 

 temperate climates. 



GALL. 1. In physiology, see BILE and 



OX-GALL.' 2. In the Chemical arts. See 



GALL-NUTS and GLASS-GALL. 



GALL' AXES, salts formed by the combi- 

 nation of gallic acid with salitiable bases. 

 The principal is the gallate of iron, which 

 constitutes the basis of black dye, ink, &c. 



GALL-BLADDER, an oblong membran- 

 ous receptacle, situated under the liver. 

 Its use is 10 retain the bile or gall. 



GAL'LION, a description of man-of-war 

 ship formerly used by the Spaniards and 

 1'ortuguese. More recently the name was 

 \xsed to designate those large vessels em- 

 ployed by the Spaniards in their commerce 

 with South Amerioa. The galleons were 

 usually four deckers. 



GAL'LERY,Fr.<7a/frte. 1. In architecture, 

 a long narrow room commonly in the 

 wings of a building, and used as an am- 

 bulatory. Palladio gives the proper length 

 of a gallery at from eight to ten times its 

 breadth. In modern palaces and man- 

 sions, the gallery, like the portico of the 

 ancients, is appropriated to the reception 

 of pictures and sculptures. The name 

 gallery is also given to long porticoes 



with ranges of columns on one side. 



2. In fortification, a covered walk across 

 a ditch in a besieged town, made of strong 

 " and covered with earth. It was 



formerly used for carrying a mine to th 

 foot of a rampart. 3. In mining, a nar- 

 row passage or branch of the mine, car- 

 ried on underground to a work designed 



to be blown up. 4. In a ship, a balcony 



projecting from the stern of a ship of war 

 or of a large merchantman. At the stern, 

 it is called the stern gallery, at the quar- 

 ters, the quarter-gallery. 



GAL'LEY. 1. A low rtat-built vessel with 

 one deck, and navigated with sails and 



oars: used in the Mediterranean. 2. An 



open boat used on the Thames by custom- 

 house officers, &c. 3. The cook-room 



or kitchen of a ship of war ; answering to 

 the caboose of a merchantman. 4. An 

 oblong reverberatory furnace, with a row 

 of retorts whose necks protrude through 



lateral openings.- 6. In printing, s. frame 



into which the compositor empties his 

 stick as often as it is filled. '3. Galley- 

 slave, a person condemned to work at the 

 oar on board of a galley, being chained to 

 the deck. In France, the galleys resemble 

 the hulks of Great Britain. 



GALL-FLV, the insect which punctures 

 the oak-leaves, and occasions the gali- 

 nuts. See CYXIPS. 



GAL'LIC ACID, a peculiar acid obtained 

 from gall-nuts and other astringent vege 

 table substances: it is well known as an 

 ingredient of black dye and ink. 



GAL'LICISM. In grammar, this word de- 

 notes a mode of speech or phrase in 

 English formed after the French iUiOm. 



GALLINA'CEJE, an order of birds in the 

 arrangement of Cuvier. Name from f^ 

 i, a hen, gallus, a cock; the hoc cos, 

 peacocks, turkeys, guinea-fowls, phea- 

 sants, &c., being species. 



GALLI'NJS, an order of birds, which in 

 the arrangement of Linnaeus answers to 

 the Gallinacete of Cuvier. 



GAL'LIOT, a Dutch vessel, carrying a 

 main a*id mi/en-mast, aud a large gaff- 

 ain-pail. It is a sort of brigantiae. 

 GALLir'tfU OIL, an inferior de-^iption of 

 olive oil, imported from the sea-part so 

 named, in the province of Otranto, Italy. 



GALLIUM, a new elemeutary metal re- 

 sembling zinc, giving a bright violet ray in 

 the spectrum, discovered by M, Lecocq in 

 1875 In a blende from the Mine of Pierre- 

 tte France. 



GALL'NUTSor GALLS, excrescenses found 

 upon the leaves aud leaf-stalks of a species 

 of oak, the Quercus infectoria, which grows 

 the Levant, ('thereof inferior quality 

 are found upon the Quercu* cerrit, common 

 n the South of Europe, and the common 

 Dak, the Q robur. They are produced by 

 the puncture of the female of the gall-fly 

 Cynipt gallce tinctorite), made in order to 

 deposit her eggs, round which the juice of the 

 ree exudes and dries in concentric portions. 

 When the insect gets fully formed, it eats 

 hrough the nut aud flies off. Besides a jel- 



