OAR 



3-17 



GAS 



OAM'MOMNG. Among seamen, seven or 

 eight turns of a rope, passing over the 

 bowsprit and through a large hole in the 

 stem or knee of the head alternately, and 

 serving to bind the inner quarter and 

 bowsprit close down to the ship's stern, 

 in order the better to enable it to support 

 the stays of the foremast. 



GAM'UT or GAMM-UT, the table or scale 

 of musical notes laid down by Guido, 

 named thus from the Greek T, gamma, 

 which marked the note at the top of the 

 scale, and the monosyllable ut. 



GANG. In nautical language, a select 

 number of a ship's crew appointed on 

 some particular service. 



GANG-BOARD, a plank or board with a 

 number of cleats or steps nailed to it for 

 the convenience of stepping in to or out of 

 boats, &c., at shore. 



GANG-LADDER, a name used in canal- 

 making, &c., for the same purpose as a 

 horse-block. 



GANG'LION, -yet,yy\nn, a knot. In phy- 

 siology, a knot-like enlargement in the 

 course of a nerve. In surgery, an encysted 

 tumour formed in the sheath of a tendon, 

 and containing a fluid resembling white 

 of egg. 



GANGUE, Germ, gang, a vein. The mi- 

 neral substance which either incloses or 

 usually accompanies any metallic ore in 

 the vein. It is otherwise called the ma- 

 trix of the ore. 



GANO'-WAY, a temporary stair of planks 

 with cleats nailed upon them. The gang- 

 way of a ship is, (1.) The part of the side 

 by which passengers enter and depart. 

 (2.) A narrow passage in the hold of a 

 laden ship, left vacant to enter by to 

 inspect the cargo, to examine leaks, 

 &c. &c. 



GANT'LET, ) Fr. gantelet, from gant, a 



GAUNT'LET, ) glove. A large iron glove 

 with fingers formed of small plates, for- 

 merly worn by cavaliers armed at all 

 points. To throw the gantlet means to 

 challenge; and to take up the gantlet 

 means acceptance of the challenge. 



GANT'LOPE, 1 Teut. gang, a passage, 



GANT'LOPE, } loopen, to run. A sort of 

 punishment, sometimes inflicted upon sol- 

 diers and seamen, for some crime which 

 renders the individual particularly ob- 

 noxious to the men. It is executed thus : 

 the men are arranged in two rows, face 

 to face, each armed with a switch or 

 piece of twisted and knotted cord called 

 a kntttle ; between the rows the offender, 

 stripped to the waist, is compelled to 

 pass a certain number of times, every 

 man giving him a stroke as he passes. 

 This is called running the pmtlet, the word 

 gantlet being put for gantlope. 



GA&'.S.-.ARD-STREAK, the flrst streak or 

 range of planks laid upon a ship's bot 



torn next the keel, throughout the whole 

 length of the floor. 



GARCIN'IA, a genus of trees. Dodecan- 

 dria Monogynia. Named in honour of 

 Dr. Garcin. The Mangosteeu-trce of Java 

 and the Molucca islands is a species. 

 Its fruit is reckoned the most delicious 

 and salubrious of oriental fruits. It Is 

 about the size of the orange, but fleshy 

 and almost transparent. It is also a spe- 

 cies of this genus which yields the tree 

 gamboge. 



GAR'DANT or GUARDANT. In heraldry, 

 applied to a beast when represented full- 

 faced, or looking at the spectator. Re- 

 gardant, looking backwards. 



GAR'LAND. In ships, a sort of net used 

 by sailors instead of a locker or cupboard ; 

 also a collar of rope wound about the 

 head of a mainmast to keep the shrouds 

 from galling. 



GAR'LIC. In botany, a name common 

 to the species of Allium, but especially 

 applied to the A. sativum, much employed 

 for culinary and medicinal purposes. 



GAR'NET. 1. A mineral genus of eleven, 

 species, all crystals more or less regular 

 in their forms. The precious garnet, or 

 garnet properly so called, occurs in dode- 

 cahedrons, in mica-slates, among the pri- 

 mary rocks in various parts of the world. 

 It is of a beautiful red colour, like the 

 seed of the pomegranate : whence thd 

 name. This appears to have been the 

 carbuncle of the ancients. Common gar- 

 nets sometimes possess all the forms of the 

 precious garnet, except that brown ana 

 green are the usual colours. The game- 

 consists of silica, 40 ; alumina, 20 ; oxide 



of iron, 38 ; oxide of manganese, 2. 2. 



In ships, a description of tackle fixed f> 

 the mainstay, and used to hoist in and 

 out cargo. 



GAR'NISH. In law books, to give notice, 

 to warn. The term is Norm., gamier, 

 to summon. 



GAR'NISHEE. In law, one in whose 

 hands money or. property is attached, o 

 called because he is served with a gar- 

 nishment or warning not to pay the money, 

 but to appear and answer to the plaintitf 

 creditor's suit. 



GARNISHMENT. In law, warning jiven 

 to a person for his appearance, &c. 



GARROTTE', the ; a mode of capital pun- 

 ishment by strangling, practised in Spain. 



GAR'TER. The highest order of knight- 

 hood in these realms, called the Most 

 Noble Order of the Garter. It was insti- 

 tuted by Edward III. The knights are, 

 32 in number, and rank in personal dig- 

 nity after the peerage. The Garter kitty 

 at arms is the chief of the three kings at 

 arms. 



GAS, Sax. gast, Ger. geiit, Dut. yee.it, 

 ahr or spirit. A name adopted in modern 

 chemistry to denote a^ permanent aeri- 



