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GR A 



GRANGE, Lat. granitim. In laic, a farm 

 Having the necessary barns, stables, and | 

 other house accommodation. 



GRAN'ITE, Fr. granit or granite. A. pri- 

 mary rock, composed of felspar, quartz, 

 and mica, each crystallised and cohering, 

 but without any base or cement. Thus 

 named from its granular appearance. The 

 colours of the felspar are white, red, grey, 

 and green. The quartz is light grey, and 

 the mica dark. Granite is a plutonic or 

 igneous rock, and forms the basis of the 

 stratified rocks. 



GRAN'ITEL, \ In mineralogy, a name 



GRAN'ITELL. ) given by Kirwan to a 

 binary assregate of any two of the fol- 

 lowing minerals: felspar, mica, shorl, 

 quartz, garnet, steatite, hornblende, jade. 



GRAMT'IC, composed of grains or crys- 

 tals united without cement, as in granite 

 and some sandstones. A granitic aggre- 

 gate is a granular compound, consisting of 

 two, three, or four simple minerals, among 

 which only one of the essential ingredients 

 of granite is present. 



GRAN'ITINE, a granitic aggregate of 

 three mineral constituents, one or more 

 of which differ from those which compose 

 granite. 



GRAN'ITITE, ) Prismatoidal garnet, the 



GRES'ITITE. i staurotide of Hauy. A 

 reddish-brown mineral, occurring in pri- 

 mitive rocks. Its form and infusibility 

 distinguish it from the garnet. 



GRANIV'OROUS. Animals which feed on 

 grain. 



GRANT. In law, a gift in writing, of 

 such a thing as cannot be passed orally. 

 The person to whom the grant is made is 

 called the grantee, and he by whom it is 

 made is the grantor. 



GRAN'L-LAR. In mineralogy, an epithet I 

 for minerals composed of crystalline ! 

 grains, irregularly but intimately joined 

 together without any agglutinating ce- 

 ment, as in granite and granular lime- 

 stone. 



GRAN'CLATED. 1. Having a structure 



resembling grains. 2. Formed into 



small grains, as granulated tin. 3. Bead- 



rd ; having small roundish elevations 

 placed in rows. Applied to roots of plants. 



GRANULA'TION. 1. In chemistry, &c. the 

 method of dividing metallic substances 

 into grains or small particles, to facilitate 

 their combination with other substances, 

 &c. Thus tin, &c. is granulated by dropping 

 it, while in a melted state, into water: 



hence called also dropped tin. 2. In 



furgery. the little grain-like fleshy bodies 

 which form on the surfaces of ulcers and 

 suppurating wounds, and serve both for 

 filling up cavities, and bringing nearer 

 together and uniting 'heir sides, are called 

 granulations. 



GRAPE'SHOT, a quantity of small shot 

 wanned in a bag, forming a sort of 



cylinder, whose diameter is equal to that 

 of the ball adapted to the piece of ord- 

 nance from which the bag is to be fired. 



GHAPH'IC GRANITE, a variety of granite 

 composed of felspar and quartz, so ar- 

 ranged as to produce an imperfect laminar 

 structure. When cut at right angles to 

 the alternations of the constituent mine- 

 rals, broken lines, like Hebrew charac- 

 ters, present themselves : whence its 

 name, from <yza.<$ta, to write. 



GRAPH'ITE, from ^etftu, to write. A sub- 

 stance better known by the names of black 

 lead and plumbago. It is a carburet of iron 

 (carbon 92, iron 8,) of a steel-gray colour, 

 or nearly iron-black. Sp. gr. about 2. 



GRAPHOM'ETER, from y^a,ca, to describe, 

 and P,IT(>OY, measure. A mathematical 

 instrument called also a semi-circle. Its use 

 is to observe any angle, whose vertex is at 

 the centre of the instrument in any plane, 

 and to find how many degrees it contains. 



GRAP'NEL, j a small anchor, fitted with 



GRAP'LINO, ( four or five flukes or 

 claws, used to hold boats or small vessels. 

 A grappling-iron used to seize and hold 

 one vessel to another in an engagement, 

 and particularly requisite in fire-ships, 

 is called a fire-grappling. 



GRAU'WACKE, \ The name given to a 



GRAY'WACKE, > group of rocks forming 



GHEY'WACKE, ) the lowest members of 

 the secondary strata, from Genn. grau, 

 grey, and wacko (q. v.). Grauwacke is a 

 coarse slaty rock, containing granular 

 fragments of otherrocks. When these are 

 very minute, the grauwacke passes into 

 common slate ; when they are numerous, 

 and somewhat larger, it becomes sand- 

 stone or gritstone ; when they are large, 

 and rounded, it may be called ancient 

 conglomerate : old redstone is a grau- 

 wacke coloured by accidental admixture 

 of oxide of iron. The grauwacke system 

 of rocks is highly metalliferous. 



GHA'VEL, fr.gravelle, grader. 1. In ge- 

 ology, &c. a mass of smiill water-worn 

 stones, larger than particles of sand, but 



often intermixed with them. 2. In 



medicine, small calculous concretions 

 found in the kidneys and bladder. 



GRA'VER, or BURIN, a tool used in en- 

 graving. 



GRAVIM'ETER, a name given by Guyton 

 to an instrument for measuring specific 

 gravities. He adopts this name in pre- 

 ference to hydrometer and areometer, be- 

 cause these terms are grounded upon the 

 supposition that the liquid is always the 

 thing weighed. 



GRAVING. In nautital language, see 

 BREAMING and DOCK. 



GRAVITATION. The name given in j>^y- 

 *ic to the action which one body exer- 

 cises on another by the power of grarity. 

 S ATTRACTION. 



