II A R 



367 



HAY 





HARMO'STES (Gr.). In ancient history, a 

 Spartan magistrate appointed to super- 

 intend a conquered state. 



HAR'ML-S, ae^;. In ancient architecture, 

 a tile for covering a joint made by other 

 tiles. 



HARP, Sax. harpa. A musical instru- 

 ment of the strinsed kind, of a triangular 

 form, held upright when played, and 

 touched with the fingers. 



HAR'PA, a genus of Gasteropods : order 

 Pcctinibranchiata , family Buccinoida, Cuv. 

 This beautiful genus of shells is named 

 from the regular longitudinal ribs, which 

 mark the external surface in some mea- 

 sure like a harp. The species are marine, 

 and are found both fossil and recent. 



HAR'PIES, certain rapacious and filthy 

 animals of the bird kind, mentioned by 

 the ancient poets. The ot^itu were three 

 in number, the Aello,0cypete, and Celeno, 

 sent by Juno to plunder the table of Phi- 

 neus. 



HARP'INGS. In ships, the foreparts of 

 the wales which encompass the bow, and 

 are fastened to the stem. Their use is to 

 strengthen the ship where she sustains 

 the greatest stress in plunging into the 

 sea. The cat-harpings are the ropes which 

 serve to brace the shrouds of the lower 

 masts behind their respective masts. 



HARPO'OX or HARPINO-IRON, an iron in- 

 strument formed at one end like a barbed 

 arrow, and having a rope attached to 

 the other, for the purpose of spearing 

 whales. 



HARP'SICHORD, a musical stringed in- 

 strument, consisting of a case framed of 

 mahogany or the like, and having a 

 sounding-board over which the wires are 

 distended, supported by four bridges. It 

 is played by the fingers, by means of keys 

 disposed in front, and having on their 

 inclosed extremities little upright oblong 

 Blips of wood called jacks, furnished with 

 crowquill plectrums, which rise when the 

 key is pressed and strike the wires. 



HAR'RIER. 1. In ornithology (see Cincvs). 

 2. A small hound with a nice sense of 

 smell, used in hunting hares. 



HAR'ROW, an instrument of agriculture 

 formed of pieces of timber crossing each 

 other, and set with iron teeth. It is 

 dragged over ploughed land to break it, 

 and cover seed when sown. 



HARTS'HORN, an old name for liquid 

 ammonia, because formerly obtained by 

 distilling the horns of male deer : called 

 also spirit of hartshorn. 



HAR'VEST MOON, a remarkable pheno- 

 menon relating to the rising of the moon 

 in the harvest season. It consists in her 

 rising for several nights in succession 

 immediately after sunset, with little per- 

 ceptible difference as to time, and is owing 

 to the oblique ascension of the signs (Pisces 



and Aries), through which the moon u 

 then passing. 



HAS'TATE, Lat. hastatus, spear or hal- 

 bert-shaped. Applied to a triangular leaf 

 hollowed out at the base and sides, but 

 with spreading lobes. 



KASTA'TI (Lat. x ,. A division of the Ro- 

 man infantrj, which was armed with, 

 spears. 



HATCH, from Sax. hceca, a railing, gate, 

 &c. The frame of cross-bars laid over the 

 opening of a ship's deck is termed a hatch 

 or hatch-bars. The same name is also 

 given to the opening in a ship's deck, or 

 the passage from one deck to another , 

 but this is more properly the hatchway. 

 Cornish miners call the openings to mines 

 hatches, and the same name is given to 

 flood or lock-gates on rivers and canals. 



HATCH'EL, a machine for dressing flax. 

 See HACKLE. 



HATCH'ETINK, a variety of bitumen, 

 known also as mineral adipocere, found 

 in the iron ore of Merthyr Tydfil in South 

 "Wales. Colour yellowish white, texture 

 flaky, hardness of soft tallow. 



HATCH'MENT, corrupted from achieve- 

 ment. An armorial escutcheon placed 

 over a door, &c., at a funeral. 



HATCH'WAY, the name given to the pas- 

 sage from one deck of a ship to another, 

 through the hatches. The name is gene- 

 rally applied to the passage through any 

 trap or falling door. 



HAT'TEMISTS, an ecclesiastical sect in 

 Holland: so denominated after Van Hat- 

 tern, a minister of Zealand. 



HAU'BERK, It. usbersgo. A piece of ar- 

 mour of the 12th century. 



HAUT'BOY, Fr. hautbois,from haut, high, 

 and bois, wood. A wind instrument some- 

 what resembling a flute, but widening 

 towards the bottom, and sounded through 

 a reed. It is the natural treble to the 

 bassoon. 



HAUTNE, dodecahedral zeolite or lapis 

 lazuli, named thus after Hauy. 



HAWKE. Among plasterers, the board 

 with a handle on its underside, used by 

 the workmen to hold the plaster. 



HAWSE. In nautical language, denotes 

 the situation of the cables before the 

 ship's stern, when she is moored with two 

 anchors from the starboard and larboard 

 bows. The ship is said to have a foul 

 hawse when the cables cross each other. 

 Disengaging the cables is clearing hawse. 

 Veering out a little cable to expose a new 

 surface to the friction in the hawse-hole, 

 is termed freshening hawse. Athwart hawse 

 implies across the bows of a vessel at 

 anchor. 



HAW'SER, a large rope or small cablp. 



HAT'BOTE, for hedge-bate. An allow- 

 ance of wood, &c., to a tenant for repair- 

 ing fences. 



HAY'WARD, Fr. haie, hedge. An officer 



