TIOR 



r,:s 



HOK 



branuous scales, each of which envelopes 

 single seed. These cones are the objects 

 for which the plant is cultivated, and their 

 principal use is to communicate to beer 

 its strengthening quality, to prevent it 

 from turning sour, and to impart to it an 

 agreeable aromatic bitter. 



HOP'LITES, rX/rj?. The heavy- armed 

 infantry of Grecian antiquity. 



HOP-OAST, a particular kind of kiln for 

 drying hops. 



HOP'PER. 1. A basket wherein seed- 

 corn is carried at the time of sowing. 



2. The wooden trough in a mill into which 

 the corn is put to be ground. 



HOP'FLE, a mode of fettering the legs of 

 animals turned out to graze. 



HOR'ARY, Lat. horarius. Relating to an 

 hour. The horary circle of a globe is a 

 small brazen circle, fixed upon the brazen 

 meridian, divided into 24 hours, having 

 an index moveable round the axis of the 

 globe, and used to show the hour or time 

 of day in other countries. The horary 

 lines or circles of a dial are those lines and 

 circles which mark the hours upon it. 

 The horary motion of the earth is the arc 

 described by* it in the space of an hour: it 

 is 15 on an average. 



HORDE. A name applied to those mi- 

 gratory nations who subsist by rapine and 

 plunder. 



HOR'DEIVE. The name given by Proust 

 to the peculiar starchy matter of barley 

 (horded). 



HoRDE'ot-rM, Lat. dim. of hordtum, 

 barley. A little tumour on the eyelids, 

 resembling a barley-corn ; vernacularly 

 a stye. 



HORE'HOUND. In botany, see MARRCBITM. 



HORI'ZON, d/J>v, from e^ifa, to bound. 

 In geography, the line which terminates 

 the view when extended to the surface of 

 the earth, dividing the globe into two 

 hemispheres. It is sensible and rational ; 

 the sensible, visible, or apparent horizon 

 is a lesser circle of the sphere, which di- 

 vides the visible part of the sphere from 

 the invisible. The rational, true, real, or 

 astronomical horizon is a great circle, 

 whose plane passes through the centre of 

 the earth, and whose poles are the zenith 

 and nadir. These horizons would coincide 

 if the eye could take in the whole hemi- 

 sphere. 



HORIZON'TAT,, parallel to the horizon. 

 Thus, a horizontal dial is one drawn upon 

 a plane parallel to the horizon, and a hori- 

 zontal line and plane are tenns in perspec- 

 tive for a line and plane parallel to the 

 horizon, and passing through the eye. The 

 horizontal range of a piece of ordnance is the 

 distance at which the ball falls on a hori- 

 zontal plane, whatever be the angle of 

 elevation of the piece. The horizontal spe- 

 is a well-polished metal speculum of 



three or four inches diameter, inclosed 

 within a brass ring, and so fitted that the 

 centre of gravity of the whole shall fall 

 ner.r the point on which it turns. 



HORN. 1. In natural history, the hard 

 pointed bodies growing on the heads ol 

 some graminivorous animals, serving 

 either for defence or ornament , are termed 

 horns ; and the same name is used verna- 

 cularly for the antennae of insects. 2. 



In chemistry, the substance composing the 

 horns of graminivorous animals, consist- 

 ing of coagulated albumen, with a little 

 gelatine and phosphate of lime: it is ex- 

 tensively used in the arts. 3. In music., 



a wind-instrument, originally made of 

 horn, but now of brass. 4. In botany, 

 a spur. See GAIDAR. 



HORNBT.ENDE, a mineral. The amphi- 

 bole of Hatiy, of a green, or blackish green 

 colour, produced by the oxides of chro- 

 mium and iron. It enters largely into 

 the composition of several of the trap 

 rocks. It is sometimes found regularly 

 crystallised, but more commonly the crys- 

 tallization is confused, and it appears 

 in masses composed of laminae, acicular 

 crystals, and fibres variously aggregated. 

 It occurs under many forms. Thus carin- 

 thine, actinolite, tremolite, calamite, 

 amianthus, &c. are varieties ; hut horn- 

 blende itself is a sub-species of straight- 

 edged augite. 



HORX'BLE>-DE SCHIST, a metamorphic 

 rock, composed principally of hornblende, 

 with a variable portion of felspar, and 

 sometimes grains of quartz. It appears 

 to be merely clay altered by heat and 

 pressure. 



HOR'NED Owr,. The common owl, or 

 Strix otiis, Lin., is thus named from its 

 having two tufts of feathers on the fore- 

 head, which it can erect at pleasure. 



HOR'NET, a large species of wasp, the 

 Vespa crabro, Lin. ; common in Europe. 



HOR'NING, LETTERS OF. In Scottish law, 

 a species of process against a debtor. 



HORN'PIPE. 1. A "Welsh instrument of 

 music, consisting of a wooden pipe with 

 horns at the ends one to collect the wind 

 from the mouth, the other to carry off the 



sounds. 2. An air or tune of triple 



time, with six crotchets in a bar. 3. An 



animated dance. 



HORN SIL'VER, a native chlorideof silver 

 crystallised in the cubic system, and sectile 

 like horn. It is rare in European mines, 

 but common in the mines of Peru and 

 Mexico. 



HORN'STONB, a variety of rhomboidal 

 quartz It is called Chert in Derbyshire, 

 where it abounds. It is valuable for 

 forming the grindinsr-blocks of flint-mills 

 in the pottery manufacture. The name 

 hornstone is often confounded with horn- 

 blende. 



HOHOG'RAPHT, from u(a, n hour, and 



