HYJE 



381 



H YD 



and managing of cattle and other domes- 

 tic anJmals, the management of the dairy, 

 and whatever the land produces. This 

 term has the same root as husband, \ix., 

 Sax. husbonda, from hits, a house, and 

 buend, a cultivator or inhabitant. 



HUSK. In botany, the glume or that part 

 ut of which a flower grows. The husks 

 of corn and grasses are formed of valves, 

 and embrace the seed. The husks of small 

 grains constitute chaff. 



HVSSVR'. a mounted soldier. The term 

 is of Hungarian origin, from hitxz, twenty, 

 and ar.pay, every twenty houses being 

 obliged by order "of Mathias I. (1458), to 

 furnish and support one horseman. 



HUS'SITES, the adherents of John Huss, 

 the Bohemian reformer. 



HT7s'TiNOs,from Sax. hustinge,ihe house 

 of trials. A court held in the guildhalls 

 of several English cities, by the principal 

 officers of their respective corporations. 

 The platform erected in the open air to 

 accommodate the speakers, &c., at public 

 meetings, especially political meetings. 



HUTCH, a name at some coal works for 

 a box in which the coal is drawn up out 

 of the pit, also the quantity of coal which 

 such box can contain. Six hutches make 

 a cart (about 14 cwt.). 



HUTTO'NIAN THEORY. In geology, the 

 Plutonic theory, first advanced by Dr. 

 Hntton. 



HY'ACINTH (see HYACINTHUS). 1. A 

 gem much prized by jewellers. It is a 

 subspecies of pyramidal zircon, of a deep 

 gold or amber colour. Its constituents 

 are zirconia 70, silica 25, and oxide of 

 iron O'o. It occurs embedded in gneiss 



and syenite, in basalt and lava. 2. In 



botany (see HYACINTHCS). 



HYACIS'THINE. 1. As an adjective, of 

 the colour of hyacinth. 2. As a substan- 

 tive, the name of a mineral -which usually 

 occurs in rectangular eight-sided prisms. 

 It is brownish, transparent, and causes 

 double refraction. 



HYACIN'THUS, the hyacinth : a genus of 

 perennial plants. Hexandria Monogynia. 

 Named va.zitdo$. from the friend of Apol- 

 lo, who was turned, according to the 

 poets, into this flower. The Hare-bell 

 (H. non-scriptus~), the only British type of 

 this genus, is by some placed in the genus 

 Scilia. 



HY'ADES, from vat%t; , a watery constel- 

 lation. In astronomy, the seven stars in 

 the bull's head, the principal of which is 

 AUlebaran In mythology, the daughter of 

 Atlas and Pleione. 



HYJE'NA, a genus of ferocious nocturnal 

 animals, somewhat allied to the dog. Or- 

 der Carnaria, family Carnitora, division 

 Digitigrada. There are three species, the 

 grey, the brown, and spotted hya?nas. 

 They are found from India to Abyssinia, 



and Senegal. Name Zotivat< was anciently 

 applied to any cunning animal. 

 HYBERBO'REASS, <rt. beyond, and /Soviets, 

 north wind. The name given by the 

 ancients to the unknown inhabitants of 

 most of the northern regions of the globe. 



HVEERNAC'ULUM, (Lat.), a wintering 

 place. A term in botany for that part of 

 a plant which protects the embryo herb 

 from external injury. It is an organic 

 body, which sprouts from the surface of 

 different parts of a plant, inclosing the 

 rudiments of the new shoot, and which is 

 capable of evolving a new individual per- 

 fectly similar to the parent. 



HIB'ODONT, from ufios, and dent. A 

 sub-family of sharks (fossil), according to 

 the arrangement of M. Agassis*. They 

 seem to have begun with the coal forma- 

 tion, and to have ceased at the beginning 

 of the chalk formation. 



HYB'ODUS, a genus of fossil fishes pecu- 

 liar to the oolitic formations. 



HTB'RID, from i/Pgi;, an injury; mon- 

 grel : applied to the offspring both of ani- 

 mals and plants when of different species. 

 Neither hybrid animals nor plants propa- 

 gate their species. 



HYDAR'THRUS, from ii&a%, water, and 

 ct$6$o, a joint. The disease called ver- 

 nacularly white swelling, which systema- 

 tic writers usually distinguish into two 

 kinds, rheumatic and scrofulous. 



HTDATIDS. 1. A genus of Entozoa, of 

 the Taenioid family. Name from W, 

 water ; being characterised by their being 

 formed of a membrane containing a 

 water-like fluid. They form the genus 



Cysticei-cus, Hud. 2. Little transparent 



vesicles of a water-like fluid, found espe- 

 cially in dropsical patients. 



HYD'NUM, the truffle or tuber. A genus 

 of plants. Cryptogarnia Fungi. Some 

 species of the genus of mushrooms are 

 eaten on the continent, but manyare poi- 

 sonous. The hedgehog mushroom and 

 paulet, are examples. 



HY'DHA, from u$cu%, water. 1. A fabu- 

 lous monster with many heads, said to 

 have infested the lake of Lerna, and was 



killed by Hercules. 2. The female snake 



or water-serpent, an immense constella- 

 tion of the southern hemisphere, extend- 

 ing for about 100, from the west to east, 

 beneath the Crab, the Lion, and the Vir- 

 gin : it represents the water-serpant 



killed by Hercules. 3. The fresh-water 



polypus, a genus of gelatinous polypi 

 which may be regarded as an animated 

 stomach, provided with tentacula for 

 catching its food. Their most wonderful 

 property is that of being constantly re 

 produced by the indefinite excision ol 

 their parts, so that they can be multi 



