INE 



394 



INF 



is the indorser, and in cases of promissory 

 notes, &c., makes himself liable to pay 

 the full amount of the note to the indorsee, 

 or person to whom the note is indorsed. 



INDUCEMENT. In law, a statement of 

 facts alleged by way of introduction to 

 other material facts. 



iNDce'TioN.from induco. 1. The intro- 

 duction of a person into office by the 

 usual forms and ceremonies, chiefly ap- 

 plied to the introduction of clergymen to 



benefices. &c. 2. In logic, the drawing 



of a general inference from a number of 

 facts ; opposed to deduction wherein the 

 inference is drawn from a single fact. 

 Hence that kind of philosophical reason- 

 ing which ascends from particular facts 

 to general principles, and illustrates those 

 principles by particular applications, is 

 termed inductive reasoning, and the sci- 

 ence founded upon it constitutes inductive 

 philosophy. 



INDUI/GEXCE. In the Romish church, 

 remission of the punishment due to sins, 

 granted by the pope or church, and sup- 

 posed to save the sinner from purgatory. 

 The theory of indulgences is this : all the 

 good works of the saints, over and above 

 those which were necessary for their own 

 salvation, are deposited, together with 

 the infinite merits of Jesus Christ, in one 

 inexhaustible treasury, the keys of which 

 were as a matter of course intrusted to 

 St. Peter and his successors the popes, 

 who may open it at pleasure, and by 

 transferring a portion of this superabun- 

 dant merit to any particular person for a 

 sum of money, may convey to him either 

 the pardon of his own sins or release 

 from the pains of purgatory for any one 

 in whom he is interested. We owe the 

 t'.berce to I'ope Urban II., who issued 

 letters of indulgence to such as went in 

 person upon the glorious enterprize of 

 conquering the Holy Land. 



INPV'KJUX. lat.indus. A cup surround- 

 ing the stigma of Goodeniaceous and 

 other plants. Also the membrane cover- 

 ing the thecae in dorsiferous ferns. 



iNEQrAt/iTT. In astronomy, any devi- 

 ation of a planet from its mean motion. 



IX-EQUILAT'ERAL, \ Not equilateral. 



INEQUILAT'ER\L. } Having unequal 

 sides. Applied to geometrical figures, &c. 



I* EQ'UI VALVE, ) Not equivalvular. 



INEQCIVAL'VULAR. j Having unequal 

 valves. Applied to bivalve shells where 

 one valve is more convex than the other. 



iNER'Mors, Lat. inermis. unarmed. Op- 

 posed to spinoiis in describing leaves. 



INER'TIA, Lat. from inert. The passive 

 property of bodies, by which they persist 

 in a state of rest or motion, and receive 

 motion in proportion to the force im- 

 pressed on them, and resist as much as 

 they are resisted ; called also in the lan- 

 guage of philosophy, rw inertia. 



ISFSCUTCH'EOX. In heraldry, a small 

 escutcheon borne within a shield. 



IN ES'SE (Latin;, in actual being or ex 

 isting. Distinguished from in pone, which 

 denotes that a thing may 6e, a lawphrase. 



I.N'FAMY. In late, the loss of character. 

 The term comprehends ail degrees of pub- 

 lic disgrace by which a person is rendered 

 incapable of being a witness or juror. 



IS'FANT. In laic, a person under the 

 age of 21 years. 



INFAX'TA, \ A title in Spain and Portugal 



IXFAX'TE. j for all princes and princesses 

 of the blood royal, except the eldest 

 when heir apparent to the crown. The 

 dignity of the title consists in styling them 

 the children, by way of eminence. In 

 other parts of Europe, the eldest son and 

 daughter have also been so titled by way 

 of eminence over the other children. 



IN'FANTRY, the whole body of foot- 

 soldiers of an army. The name originated 

 from one of the Spanish infantas, who, 

 finding that the Moors had defeated the 

 army under the king, hr father, assem- 

 bled a body of foot soldiers, with -which 

 she totally routed the enemy. In memory 

 of this, and to distinguish the foot soldiers, 

 who were not before much esteemed, they 

 received the name of infanteria, whence 

 infantry. 



INFEC'TION, from inficio ; the communi- 

 cation of the poison of disease to a healthy 

 body. Ihe words contagion and infection 

 are frequently confounded. The first is 

 the virus or effluvium generated 



in a diseased body, and capable of pro- 

 ducing the specific disease in a healthy 

 body, by contact or otherwise. Infection, 

 on the other hand, is anything that taints 

 or corrupts ; hence it includes contagion, 

 and any other noxious matter which ex- 

 cites disease in a healthy body. 



INFE'RIOR. In botany, when the calyx 

 is distinct from the ovarium. 



IXTER'XAL MACHINE, a name which has 

 been given to a clumsy apparatus for the 

 purposes of assassination. The most me- 

 morable is that constructed by Fieschi, 

 of a number of gun barrels arranged in a 

 frame, so as to be fired off at once. It 

 was used on the 28th of July, 1835, against 

 Louis Philippe and his suite, while re- 

 viewingthe national guards. Thekingand 

 his sons escaped, but sixteen of his suite 

 were killed, and many wounded. Fieschi, 

 who was immediately apprehended and 

 subsequently executed, was himself 

 wounded by the bursting of some of the 

 barrels. 



INFILTRA'TION. from filter. The diffu 

 sion of fluids through the interstices or 

 pores of a body. 



IX'FIXITE, Lat. infinitus, without limits. 

 Applied to quantities which are greater 

 orlesstnan any assignable quantities. The 

 term is also used in the sense of indefinite, 



