JUX 



410 



into and try any manner of fact, and to 

 declare the truth on the evidence given 

 them in the case. Juries are of several 

 kinds ; as grand and petty juries in crimi- 

 nal cases, and common and special juries 

 in civil cases. The grand jury tries matters 

 alleged in indictments; the petty jury 

 tries the matters of fact in cases where a 

 true bill is found by the grand jury. Spe- 

 cial juries consist of individuals fitted by 

 their kind of knowledge to try particular 

 cases. 



JI'RYMAST, the name given by seamen 

 to whatever they set up in the room of a 

 mast lost in a battle or storm, from Fr. 

 jour, a day, quasi jaurt, temporary, or 

 from Lat. juvare. 



Jrs (Xat.), law. Jus civile, civil law. 

 Jus corona, the right of the crown. Jus 

 gentium, the law of nations. Jus gladii, 

 the right of the sword. Jus scriptum, the 

 written law. 



JCS'TICE, ~Lzt.justitia, from Justus, just. 

 1. Equity and the application of equity. 



2. Low Lat. jmticiarius. One deputed 



by the sovereign to do right by way of 

 judgment among the subjects. The Jus- 

 tice of the Queen's Bench is a lord by his 

 office, and chief of the rest : his business 

 is to determine all pleas of the crown. 

 The Justice of the Common Pleas determines 

 all causes at common law, that is, all 

 causes between common persons. The 

 Justices of Assize are such as were wont to 

 be sent, by special commission, into vari- 

 ous counties to take assizes. The Justices 

 in Eyrt were in ancient times sent into 

 divers counties, to hear pleas of the crown 

 for the ease of the subjects, who must 

 else have gone to the king's bench. The 

 Justices of Gaol delivery are such as are 

 sent to determine all causes, pertaining 

 to such as for any offence are cast into 

 gaol. The Justices of Nisi Prius are now 

 the same as the justices of assize. The 

 Justices of the peace are appointed by com- 

 mission to attend to the peace of the 

 county where they dwell. 



JUSTH/IART, Court of Justiciary. In 

 Scotland, a court of supreme jurisdiction 

 in all criminal cases. 



JCSTIC'IES. In laic, a special writ em- 

 powering the sheriff of a county to hold 

 plea of an action in his court. 



JUSTIFICATION. In law, the shewing 

 good reason i a court for doing something 

 for which he is called to answer. From 

 ivstus, just, and facio. to make. In the- 

 ology, men are justified when accounted 

 righteous in the sight of Ood. 



J CXTAPO'SITIOX, from juxta and position, 

 apposition. The term is used in physi- 

 ology to denote that species of growth 

 which is performed by the apposition 

 of nMv matter to the surface or out- 

 side ol the old in opposition to intus-po- 

 titton. 



K A M 



K. 



K, the eleventh letter of the English 

 alphabet, borrowed from the Greek kappa. 

 As a numeral it stands for 250, and with 

 a stroke over it, thus K, for 250,000. 



KAL'AND (Ger.), a lay fraternity insti- 

 tuted in Germany in the 13th century, for 

 the purpose of doing honour to deceased 

 friends. 



KALEIDOSCOPE, from xa.\o<;, beautiful, 

 !/??, form, and exotica, to see. An op- 

 tical instrument, which presents to the 

 eye symmetrical and beautiful combina- 

 tions of images, by a particular arrange- 

 ment of mirrors adjusted in a tube. This 

 instrument, the invention of Sir D. Brew- 

 ster, consists in its most simple form of a 

 tin tube containing two reflecting sur- 

 faces, inclined to each other at any angle 

 which is an aliquot part of 360. The re- 

 flecting surfaces may be two slips of glass 

 silverized on the exterior sides, and from 

 five to ten inches in length ; one end of 

 the tube is fitted with another short tube, 

 in which are adjusted two circular discs 

 of glass, between which are the little 

 objects (.bits of coloured glass, &c.,) which 

 are to form the images. The instrument 

 being thus prepared, and the eye placed 

 at the open end, a brilliant circle of light 

 will be observed divided into as many 

 sectors as the number of times that the 

 angle of the reflectors is contained in 

 360, and showing some symmetrical and 

 pleasing figure which may be changed 

 into something else by simply turning 

 round the tube. This instrument may be 

 constructed with three or more reflecting 

 planes, and then may be arranged in 

 various ways. 



KALESDERS (Arab.), wandering dervises. 



KA'LI, the name given by the Arabians 

 to an annual plant, the salsola soda, which 

 grows near the sea shore, and from the 

 ashes of which they obtained their alkali 

 for making soap. The Germans use the 

 name kali to denote caustic potash, and 

 kalium to denote its metallic basis. 



KALLIFTHOR'GAN, a musical instrument, 

 played as & piano, and producing an effect 

 equivalent to a violin, tenor, violoncello, 

 and double bass, in concert. 



KAL'MIA, a genus of beautiful shrubby 

 plants. Decandria Monogynia. North 

 America. Some of the species, as the 

 laurel, ivy-bush, calico-bush, &c., are 

 much in request in our gardens, from the 

 beauty of their flowers and foliage. 



KAMI, certain spirits, the belief in which 

 is the foundation of the Japanese religion. 



KAM'SIN, a hot and dry southerly wind, 

 which prevails in Egypt at certain sea- 

 sons of the year : named also simoom and 

 samiel. 



