L I Q 432 



treille to a sub-genus of Araehnidcs, cha- 

 racterised by the disposition of their eyes ; 

 four in the middle form a trapezium. 

 See ARANEA. 



LI'ON. The Felit leo, Lin. Reckoned 

 the strongest and most courageous of all 

 the beasts of prey. The lion is now con- 

 fined to Africa, and the neighbouring 

 parts of Asia. 



LION or ENGLAND. A lion passant re- 

 gardant, being the bearing of England, 

 is frequently so termed in heraldry. 



LION -ANT. In entomology, the Formica 

 leo, or Myrmeleon. 



LI'ONCEL. In heraldry, a small lion; 

 the name by which lions are emblazoned 

 when there are several to one escutcheon. 



LIP, the border or edge of the mouth of 

 anything, as a shell. 



LIP'OGRAM, from AW-TAP, to leave, and 

 yea.fJt.fJM, a letter. A writing (poem, &c.) 

 in which some particular letter is entirely 

 omitted. 



LIQUA'TION, from liqvo, to melt; the 



process of melting. 2. The process of 



weating out, by a regular heat, an easily 

 fusible metal from the interstices of a 

 metal of difficult fusion, with which it 

 had been previously melted. 



LIQUEFAC'TIOJJ, from liquidus, liquid, 

 and/acto, to make. Conversion of a solid 

 into a liquid. The word is sometimes 

 synonymous with fusion, sometimes with 

 deliquescence, and frequently with solution. 

 The first is the common signification. 



LIQUEUR, the French name for any 

 liquor. Applied most commonly to me- 

 dicated and aromatised liquors. 



Lia'uio, a non-elastic fluid, as water. 



See FLUID. 2. In grammar, a letter 



which has a smooth flowing sound, or 

 which flows smoothly after a mute, as I 

 In W#. and r in bra. <. 



Lf'titriDAM'sAR, the liquid-amber, or 

 tweet-gum. A. genus of trees. Moncecia 

 'Polyandria. Name from liquidum, fluid, 

 and ambar, a fragrant substance, alluding 

 to the liquid gum which distils from the 

 JL. siyraciflua, by wounding the bark. 

 This tree grows in the warm parts of 

 North America ; but the X. imberbe is a 

 native of the Levant. 



LIQUID-AMBER. 1. The juice of the X. 

 styraciflua, an American tree. It is trans- 

 parent, of an amber colour, an agreeable 

 and powerful smell, and an aromatic 

 taste. It contains benzoic acid, which 

 effloresces when the liquid amber hardens 



by keeping. 2. In botany. See LIQCID- 



AMBAR. 



LIQ'UORICE (Ital. liquirizia.) 1. Roots 

 of the Glycirrhiza glabra, a perennial 

 plant, common in the south of Europe. 



2. A name common to all the plants 



of the genus Glycirrhiza, (q.v.) 



LIQ'UORICE JUICE, popularly black-sugar. 

 The inspissated juice of the liquorice-root. 



LIT 



Li'aroR Sir.'ict-M. The liquor of flints. 

 A solution of silica in alkaline lixivia. 



LiKiooEN'nnoN. The Tulip-tree. A genus 

 of coadunate plants. Polyandria Poly- 

 gynia. The species, North America. Name 

 from Awf<a, a lily, and ttvfyo*, a tree. 

 The tree often attains a great height. 



LIST (Sax. Hit."), a border, as the selvage 

 of cloth, the line inclosing a field of com- 

 bat. 2. A catalogue of names, articles, 



&c. The civil list comprehends the names 

 of the civil officers of government, aa 

 judges, ambassadors, secretaries, &c. 

 Honce the term civil list is used for the 

 appropriations of public money for the 

 payment of the civil officers. 



LIST, LIS'TEL. In architecture, a little 

 square moulding, serving to crown or ac- 

 company a larger one; also termed a 

 fillet. 



LISTING. In. joinery, the cutting the 

 sapwood out from both edges of a board. 



LIT'ANY, Xirotvuot,, supplication. A form 

 of supplicatory prayer in the church 

 rituals. 



LITERA'TI. Among the ancients, indi- 

 viduals branded with certain letters by 



way of ignominy. 2. In modern usage, 



men of learning. 



LITERA'TES. In church mattert, indi- 

 viduals admitted to ordination by the 

 bishop without having taken a university 

 degree. 



LIT'ERATURE (Lat. literatura, from litera , 

 a letter) ; the whole amount of written 

 knowledge of some specified period or 

 country, or of some particular science. 

 Thus we speak of the literature of the 

 middle ages, of British literature, of me- 

 dical literature, &c. 



LITH'AGOGUE, from Ju9as, a stone, and 



ai, to drive away. Having the power 

 to expel calculi from the kidneys or blad- 

 der, formerly applied to many medicines. 



LITH'ANTKRAX, pit-coal, in distinction 

 from xylanthrax or wood-coal, as bovey- 

 coal. 



LITH'ARGE, an oxide of lead in an im- 

 perfect state of vitrification, named from 

 , stone, and a^yt^os, silver ; be- 

 cause when silver is refined by cupelW 

 ion with lead, this latter metal is scori- 

 ied, and causes the scorification of the 

 other imperfect metals alloyed with the 

 silver. Litharge is more or less white or 

 red, according to the metals with which 

 the silver is alloyed : the white is called 

 litharge of silver, the red, litharge of gold. 



LITH'IA, from >.<0o?, stone. An alkali 

 discovered in 1818 by Arfwedson in the 

 mineral called petalite. Like soda and 

 potash it is a metallic oxide : base, lithium. 



LITHI'ASIS, from j\i9of, a stone. A dis- 

 . ease of the eyelids in which their mar- 

 1 gins are beset with small hard 



