LO A 



434 



LOG 



made use of by augurs in quartering the 



heavens. 2. A genus of chambered 



shells, supposed to resemble the ancient 



lituusinform. 3. In geometry, the name 



of a spiral, in which the squares of any 

 two radii vectores are reciprocally as the 

 angles which they make with a certain 

 straight line (an asymptote), given in 

 position. 



LIV'ER, Sax. lifer. In anatomy, a large 

 abdominal viscus, of a deep red colour, 

 situated under the diaphragm, in the right 

 hypochondrium : its use is to secrete the 

 bile. Epithet, hepatic. 



LIV'ERSTONE. A native sulphuret of ba- 

 rium, so named from its similarity to liver 

 of sulphur. 



LIVER or SULPHUR. Sulphuret of potash, 

 or other alkaline sulphuret. 



LIV'ERYMEN (of London). A number of 

 men chosen from among the freemen of 

 each company. Out of this body the 

 common council, sheriff, and other supe- 

 rior officers, are elected. 



LIVERY OF SEISIN. In law, a delivery of 

 possessions to one that has a right to 

 them. 



LIXIVIA'TION, from lix. The process em- 

 ployed for dissolving, by means of warm, 

 water, the saline and soluble particles of 

 cinders, the residues of combustion and 

 dry distillation, coals, ores, and earths: 

 salts thus obtained are termed lixivial 

 salts. 



LIXIV'IUM. A ley, from <ix, wood-ash ; 

 the liquor obtained by lixiviation. 



LIZ'ARD, corrupted from Lacerta (q. v.). 



LL.D., Legttm Doctor. Doctor of laws. 



LLOYD'S. Lloyd's List is a London perio- 

 dical, in which the shipping news received 

 at Lloyd's Coffee-house, London, are regu- 

 larly published. At this coffee house there 

 is a subscription room, under the manage- 

 ment of a committee, for the convenience 

 of underwriters and other subscribers in- 

 terested in shipping. Agents, commonly 

 Styled Lloyd's agents, are appointed to all 

 the principal ports of the world, who for- 

 ward regularly to Lloyd's, accounts of the 

 departures from and arrivals at their 

 ports, as well as of losses and other casual- 

 ties, and all such information as may be 

 supposed of importance towards guiding 

 the judgments of the underwriters. 



LOACH. Beardie. A small river fish, the 

 Cobitis barbatitla, Yarr.,Lin., occasionally 

 prepared in the same manner as Ancho- 

 vies, and considered superior in flavour 

 and richness. 



LOAD*'MAN. In marine affairs, a person 

 who conducts vessels into or out of port : 

 a pilot. 



LOAD' STONE, corruption of lode-stone (see 

 LODE), magnetic iron stone. An ore of 

 iron containing protoxide and peroxide 

 of iron in a state of combination . Accord- 

 ing to Hatty, the ores in which the iron Is 



combined with the least oxy-.n. with- 

 out being engaged in other combinations, 

 form natural magnets. These he terms 

 oridiilated iron, and they are found in 

 considerable masses in most countries of 

 the Old World. Their colour is eray , with 

 a metallic lustre ; primitive form, the re- 

 gular octahedron ; insoluble in nitric acid, 

 attract iron, and have all the other pro- 

 perties of the artificial magnet in small 

 degree. 



LOAM, Sax. lam. A natural mixture of 

 clay, quartz-sand, and iron ochre, usually 

 with some carbonate of lime; when this 

 last preponderates, the mixture is usually 

 termed marl. Any soil, which does not 

 cohere so strongly as clay, but more 

 strongly than chalk, is designated loam : a 

 mixture of sand and clay. 



LO'BATE, ) Lat. lobatus. Having lobes ; 



LOBED, j from /o6us,alobe. Applied to 

 leaves, &c., when the margins of the seg- 

 ments are rounded. 



LOB'BY, Germ, laube. 1. An open space 

 before a room, or surrounding a range of 

 chambers, or seats in a theatre; also a 

 small hall or waiting-room. 2. A con- 

 fined place, for cattle formed by hedges or 

 other fencing, near the yard of a farm. 



LOBE, Lat. lobus, from *?. 1. A 

 rounded portion of certain bodies, as the 

 lobes of the brain, the lungs, the liver, a 



leaf, &c. 2. The cotyledon of a seed. 



Epithet, lobed or lobate. 



LOBE'LIA. The cardinal' s-fower : an ex- 

 tensive genus of herbaceous (mostly) 

 plants. Pentandria Monoyyma. Named 

 in honour of Lobel, a celebrated botanist. 

 The species are found in almost all parts 

 of the world: the water-gladiole is the 

 British type. Some of the species are 

 highly poisonous. 



LOB'STER. Acrustaceousfish, the cancer 

 gammams, Lin., found on the reeky 

 coasts of England, and considered a deli- 

 cate article of food. The animal is said 

 to change its shell annually, and only to 

 increase in size while in a soft state. 



LO'CAL, Lat. localis. Kelating to a limited 

 portion, and not the whole, as a local dis- 

 ease, custom, &c. Local colours are such 

 as are natural and proper for particular 

 portions of a picture. Local medicines are 

 designed to act on particular parts. Local 

 actions must be brought in a particular 

 county, where the cause arises. Local 

 militia are exercised within prescribed 

 limits of the country. Local problems ad- 

 mit of innumerable solutions. 



LOCH. The Scotch name for lake. 



LOCK, Sax. loc. 1. In a primary sense. 

 anything that fastens, but now appro- 

 priated to the well-known instrunient con- 

 sisting of a spring, wards, and a bolt of 

 iron, used to fasten doors, chests, &c., and 

 by analogy to that part of a musket. &c., 

 by which fire is produced for thedischarg* 



