O CT 



514 



ODO 



OCKAN'IDES. Pea-nymphs. Sea-shells ; as 

 iis'.iuguished from the Naiads or fresh 

 V.irer shells. 



OCHLOC'RACT, from %*?, a multitude, 

 and xoartu. to govern A term synony- 

 mous with democracy (q. v.). 



O'CHRE, from ?, pale. An argilla- 

 ceous earth, coloured red, yellow, or 

 brown, by admixture of oxide of iron. 

 The red ochre is termed red chalk, and 

 ruddle or reddle in England, and contains 

 often so much iron that it may be reckoned 

 an ore of that metal. Yellow ochre may 

 be rendered red or reddish brown by cal- 

 cination in a reverbatory oven, which 

 peroxidizes the iron. Armenian bole is a 

 variety of ochre. Ochre when finely 

 ground is used as a pigment. 



OC'HREA, Lat. a boot. In botany, applied 

 to membranous stipules, that surround 

 the stem like a sheath. 



OC'REA. 1. In antiquity, a kind of mili- 

 tary shoe or short boot, made of tin, and 



ornamented with gold and silver. 2. In 



botany, the membrane which enfolds the 

 flower-stalks in Cyperus. 



OCT'AEDRITE. A pure oxide of titanium, 

 crystallized in acute, elongated octag- 

 drbns. Colours, blue, bluish-black, and 

 brown; lustre, splendent; fracture, foli- 

 ated; easily broken, and scratches glass. 

 Sp. gr. 3'8. Found in veins in Dauphiny, 

 Norway, Spain, and some parts of South 

 America. 



OCTAB'DBON-, \ from T, eight, and 

 OCTAHE'DRON, j !*, a base. A geome- 

 trical solid, contained by eight equilateral 

 plane triangles : it consequently consists 

 of two equal square pyramids, joined to- 

 gether at their bases. It is one of the five 

 regular bodies. Epithet, octahedral or 

 octaidral. 



OCT.ZETE'RIS, oxrca and STCS, year. A 



cycle or period of eight years, at the end 



of which three lunar months were added 



OC'TAGOX, from OXTU, eight, and yuviai, 



an angle. 1. A geometrical figure having 



eight angles and as many sides. 2. In 



fortification, a place which has eight sides. 

 OcTAN'DRiA,from OXTU, eight, and oe.vr,e, 

 a male The name of the 8th class o1 

 plants in the sexual system of Linnaeus 

 consisting of such as produce hermaphro 

 dite flowers with eight stamens. It con 

 tains four orders, Monogynia, Digynia 

 Trigynia, and Tetragynia. 



OC ; TANSHADLIEN us. Hartley's Quadrant 

 The polar constellation in the southern 

 hemisphere. 



OC'TANT, Lat. octans. 1. The eighth 



part of a circle, or 45 degrees. 2. Octant 



or octile is also a term in ancient astro- 

 nomy for one of the aspects, viz., when 

 : '/o plants are distant from each other 45 

 octrees. 

 1 :'t.wE, from octaviis, eighth. In ww- 



sic, an eighth or harmonical interval con 

 isting of seven degrees or twelve semi- 

 ones. It is the most perfect of th? 

 chords, consisting of six full tones ant 

 wo semitones major. It contains th 

 whole diatonic scale. Sec CHOIID. 



OCTA'VO. A book in which the sheets 



are each folded into eight leaves. The 



word is also used as an adjective, as an 



tavo volume. The correct phrase is a 



wok or volume in octavo. 



OCTO'BER, from octo, eight. The eighth 

 month of the ancient Roman year which 

 began in March, but the tenth month of 

 the year in the modern calendar. 



OCTODEN'TATE, Lat. octodentalus, eight- 

 toothed. Having eight teeth. 



OC'TOFID, fromoc<o, eight, and^rfiw, cut, 

 separated into eight segments. 



OCTOLOC'ULAR, Lat. octolocularis, eight- 

 celled ; octo and ocultts, an eye. Having 

 eight cells for seeds : applied in botany. 



OCTOPET'ALOUS. Having eight petals : 

 oclo and petalum, a petal or flower-leaf. 

 OCTOSFER'MOCS. Eight-seeded: octo and 

 r^ita, seed: applied in botany. 

 OC'TOSTTLE, from oxria, eight, and 

 ruXoj, a column. 1. A temple with eight 

 columns on its principal fagade. 



OC'TROI. An old French term from 

 uctoritas, signifying a grant of some 

 commercial privilege to a person or com- 

 pany. 2. Tolls levied at the gate of 



some French towns upon articles of food 

 brought to market. 



OC'ULI, plural of oeufrw, an eye. 0. can- 

 crorum, crab's eyes : stony concretions 

 found in the head of the Astacusfluriatilis. 

 OC'ULUS. The Latin word for eye. The 

 octtlus belt is a semipellucid gem of a gray- 

 ish white colour, variegated with spots of 

 yellow, and having a black central nu- 

 cleus; the parts answering to the pupil 

 and iris of the eye. Oetihis nuindi 'eye 

 of the world), is another name for hydro- 

 phone (q. v.). Ondus cati (cat's eye), is a 

 beautiful variety of sapphire, otherwise 

 called asteria (q. v.) and bastard opal. 



O'DALISKS, Turk, oda, chamber. Female 

 slaves employed about the seraglio. 



ODE (Lat.) from u$r r A poetical com- 

 position, adapted to be set to music. The 

 ode consists of unequal verses, in stanzas 

 or strophes. The ancient odes had origi- 

 nally only one stanza, but afterwards 

 they were divided into three parts, the 

 strophe, the antistrophe and the epode. 



ODE'OS , u 5j/o- A sort of theatre among 

 the Greeks and Romans, devoted to po- 

 etical and musical contests. 



ODOM'ETER. An instrument for mea- 

 suring the distance passed over by a pcst- 

 chai&e or other carriage. It is so attached 

 as to show, by means of an index ar:d 

 dial, the number of revolutions made br 

 the wheel. 



