ORG 



523 



ORG 



the holy orders. 6. Courts of law, as 



Chancery, Queen's Bench, &c., issue 

 orders regarding causes there depending- ; 

 and on particular occasions orders are 



made by magistrates at the sessions. 



7. In the fine arts, order is the harmonious 

 disposition of the parts of a work. 



OR'DERLY. In military affairs, the 

 orderly books are those books in which the 

 sergeants write the general and regi- 

 mental orders. Orderly sergeants are those 

 petty officers who attend on superiors. 



OR'DINARY. 1. In common and canon 

 law, one who has ordinary or immediate 

 jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical. The 

 bishop is usually the ordinary of the dio- 

 cese, and the archbishop is the ordinary 

 of the whole province. The ordinary of 

 Newgate is a person who attends on con- 

 demned criminals, to prepare them for 



death. 2. The establishment of persons 



employed by government to take charge 

 of ships of war laid up in harbours. 

 Hence a ship in ordinary is one laid up, 

 under the direction of the master attend- 

 ant. 3. In heraldry, a portion of the 



escutcheon comprised between straight 

 or other lines. 



OR'DINATE, Lat. ordinatus. Regular, 

 methodical. 1. An ardinate figure is one 



whose sides and angles are equal. 2. 



In the theory of curves, any right line 

 drawn from a point in the absciss to ter- 

 minate in the curve : if drawn perpen- 

 dicularly to the absciss, it is called a 

 right ordinate. The ordinates are bi- 

 sected by the right line called the axis. 



OR'DINATION. 1. Admission to holy 

 orders, or initiation of a person into the 



priesthood. 2. In presbyterian and 



congregational churches, the act of settling 

 or establishing (placing in Scotland) a 

 licensed preacher over a congregation 

 with pastoral charge and authority. 



ORD'NANCE, from ordinance. A gene- 

 ral name for all sorts of great guns used 

 in war. The Soard of Ordnance is the 

 board which provides guns, ammunition, 

 and arms of every description, for public 

 service. 



ORDON'NANCE. In architecture, the same 

 as ceconomy, which see. 



ORE, Sax.ore,orora. A native compound 

 of a metal and some mineralising sub- 

 stance : a metal in the mineral state. 

 The name is only applied to mineral 

 bodies which contain the metal in such 

 quantities as to be worth the labour of 

 extracting it ; and they are styled rich 

 or poor ores according as they contain 

 more or less of the metal. The ores are 

 exceedingly numerous. 



OR-'FRAIES, Fr. or/row. Cloth embroi- 

 dered with gold. 



OK'GAN. Oyo- 1. A part of an ani- 

 mal or vegetable which has a determi- 

 nate ollce in its economy : thus the eye 



is the organ of vision, the ear of hearing, 

 the muscles of motion, &c. A catenation 

 of organs destined to one function is 

 called an apparatus ; thus, although the 

 lungs be the immediate organ of respira- 

 tion, the apparatus of respiration consists 

 of the lungs, air passages, muscles, nerves, 

 &C., of respiration, without which the 



function could not be performed. 2. In 



music, the largest and most harmonious 

 of the wind instruments. It is blown by 

 bellows, and consists of numerous pipes 

 of various sizes, and stops which are 

 touched by the fingers. The instrument 

 is sometimes constructed of immense size : 

 that of the Cathedral Church at Ulm, in 

 Germany, is 90 feet high, and 28 broad ; 

 it is blown by 16 pair of bellows, and its 

 largest pipe is 13 inches in diameter. 



ORGA'NIC. Pertaining to an organ or to 

 organs ; consisting of organs, or contain- 

 ing them, as the organic structure of 

 living bodies. Organic bodies are such as 

 contain organs on the action of which 

 depend their growth and perfection : ani- 

 mals and plants belong to this division of 

 nature, and when these are found in the 

 earth in a mineral or fossil state, they 

 are styled organic remains, and their study 

 forms oryctology. There are also organie 

 diseases, which there is a visible change 

 of the structure of the organ, as opposed 

 to diseases of function, in which the action 

 only of the organ is changed. The ex- 

 amination of the nature and composition 

 of organic matter constitutes organic che- 

 mistry. The organic description of curves 

 is the method of describing them on a 

 plane by means of instruments, as the 

 compasses and ruler. The organic laics of 

 a state are the laws directly concerning the 

 fundamental constitution of the state. 



ORGANISATION. 1. The construction of 

 the parts of an animal or vegetable body, 

 with reference to a determined function. 



2. The arrangement of the parts of a 



complex body, in a suitable manner for 

 service. Governments, armies, &c., are 

 organised, and their organisation is good 

 or otherwise, according as their parts or 

 organs are duly adapted for the end pro- 

 posed, and to each other. 



OR'oANON,flyev. In philosophy, nearly 

 synonymous with method, and implying a 

 body of rules and canons for direction. 



OR'GANziNE.Adescription of silk usually 

 imported from Italy into this country. It 

 is washed, spun, and thrown in a parti- 

 cular manner, long kept secret. 



OR'OIES, pi. Lat. orgia, from a^yt*, from 

 ofyn, fury. Ancient revels, sacrifices, &c. t 

 in honour of Bacchus, held during the 

 night by the Bacchaj. 



OR'GUES. 1. In fortification, a French 

 term for long pieces of timber pointed 

 and shod witli iron, and hanging over ft 



