PAG 



531 



P AI 



sick 



under pasture, for turning in 

 horse &c. 



PAC'DOCK-STOOL. A species of mush- 

 room ; vulg. toadstool. 



PAD'DY. An East Indian name for rice 

 in the husk. 



PAD'DT BIRD. A species of heron, the 

 Ardea torra, which frequents the paddy 

 or rice fields. 



PADIS'HA. A title of the Turkish sultan, 

 and of the Persian shah. 



PAD'UASOY. A peculiar kind of silk 

 stuff, first manufactured at Padua in Italy. 



P.E'A.N, \ 1. Among the ancients, a song 



PE'AN. ) in honour of Apollo, chiefly 

 used on occasions of triumph, and so 

 named because the words lo peean ! fre- 

 quently occurred in it, in allusion to 



Apollo's contest with the serpent. 2. 



Any song of triumph. 3. In ancient 



poetry, a foot of four syllables ; written 

 also peeon. Of this there are four sorts : 

 the first consisting of a trochee and pyr- 

 rhic, as ampanbut ; the second of an iam- 

 bus and pyrrhic, as pottntia ; the third of 

 a pyrrhic an'd trochee, as ilnirnj; and 

 the fourth of a pyrrhic and iambus, as 

 ctlMtat. 



P^ECILOP'ODA, from xoixikos, various, 

 and <rvjs, a foot. Various-footed animals. 

 The second order of the class Crustacea in 

 Cuvier's arrangement, comprising two 

 families, Xyphoswa and Siphonostotna. 

 The Molucca crab is an example of the 

 first, and the Fish-louse of the second. 



PJEDOBAP'TISTS, vct.'f, child, and @etv- 

 TI%IU, I baptize. Those who hold that 

 infants should be baptised in infancy. 



P.SO'NIA. Paeony. An extensive genus 

 of perennial plants. PolyandriaDigynia. 

 Natural family Kanunculacete. Named 

 from Paeon, who cured Pluto with it 

 when wounded by Hercules. Temperate 

 climates. 



PA'GAN, Lat. paganus, a peasant, from 

 pngus, a village. A word originally ap- 

 plied to the inhabitants of the country, 

 who, on the first propagation of the Chris- 

 tian religion, adhered to the worship of 

 their ancient gods, or refused to receive 

 Christianity after it had been received by 

 the inhabitants of cities. In like manner, 

 heathen signifies an inhabitant of the 

 heath or woods, and caffer (Arabic) is a 

 dweller in a hut, and one who does not 

 receive the religion of Mohammed. Pagan 

 is now used to designate one who is neither 

 a Christian nor Mohammedan, and the 

 religion which Pagans profess is paganism. 



PAOAXA'LIA. Festivals held in Roman 

 villages, in honour of the local tutelary 

 divinities. 



PA'OEANT. from pagnia. Something car- 

 ried about in triumph, a pompous display 

 without value. The Lord-Mayor's coach 

 u a pajrpan: . 



PA'G KITING, i Hough plastering. 



PAR'GETTING. j cially that in xn UT- 

 rior of chimney-flues. 



PAQO'DA, Pers. pout ghoda or boot kh*4, 

 Hind, boot khuda, abode of God. 1. A 

 temple in China and the East Indies. The 

 most remarkable pagodas of India are 

 those of Benares, Siam, Pegu, and parti- 

 cularly that of Juggernaut, in Orissa. The 

 images in these temples are also called 

 pagodas. These are usually made of baked 

 earth, richly gilt, but without any par- 

 ticular expression. 2. A gold coin, for- 

 merly current in the south of India, value 

 eight shillings. This name was given to 

 it by the Europeans. 



PAG'ODITE. The mineral of which the 

 Chinese make their pagodas, called also 

 lardite, koreite, and agalmatolite. 



PAINS AND PENALTIES. In law, an act 

 of Parliament to inflict pains and penal- 

 ties beyond or contrary to the common 

 law, in the particular cases of great pub- 

 lic offenders. 



PAINTER'S COLIC, 1 A species of colic, 



PLUMBER'S COLIC, j so named from its 

 victims, painters and plumbers ; and from 

 its symptoms called the dry belly-ache. It 

 has also been called, from the place where 

 it is endemial, the Poitou, the Surinam, 

 the Devonshire colic. It is generally at- 

 tributed to the poison of lead, but early 

 cider and new rum are found also to pro- 

 duce it. 



PAINT. A colouring substance, or sub- 

 stance used in painting, as green, red, 

 blue, &c. paint. 



PAINT'ER. 1. An artist who paints or 

 represents objects by means of colours, or 

 light and shade ; as a portrait-painter. 



2. An artisan who lays colours on 



wood, plaster, &c. ; as a house-painter. 

 The company of painters in London was 

 incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, but 



existed long previous. 3. From Irish, 



painter, a snare ; a rope used to fasten a 

 boat to a ship, wharf, &c. 



PAINTER-STAINER. A painter of coats 

 of arms. The painter-stainers were in- 

 corporated with the painters. 



PAINT'INO. An art coeval with civili- 

 sation, practised with success by the Etru- 

 rians, Greeks, and Romans, obscured for 

 several centuries, but revived in Italy in 

 the fifteenth century, whence sprung the 

 Roman, Venetian, and Tuscan schools. 

 Afterwards arose the German, Dutch, 

 Flemish, French, and Spanish schools: 

 and, latterly, the English school, founded 

 by Sir Joshua Reynolds ; it is properly a 

 compound of the Italian and Flemish 

 schools. As regards the subjects, painting 

 is distinguished into historical, landscape, 

 portrait, &c. painting ; as regards the form 

 and materials, into painting in oil, water 

 colours, fresco, miniature, distemper, ;ao- 

 saic, &c. 2. A picture. 



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