PAP 



536 



PAP 



the stage to express by gesture and ex- 

 pression of countenance whatever the 

 chorus sung. They were subsequently 

 employed to divert the audience, after 

 the chorus and comedies, and finally, 

 their interludes became distinct enter- 

 tainments, and were separately exhibited, 

 and by metonymy, took the name of pan- 

 tomimes. 



PA'PAL CROWN. The Pope's tiara or 

 crown, called also the triple crown, be- 

 cause it is a cap of silk environed with 

 three crowns of gold. 



PAPA'VER. The Poppy : a genus of plants. 

 Polyandria Motwgynia. Name from pap- 

 pa, pap, because nurses used to mix this 

 plant in children's food to make them 

 sleep, relieve colic, &c. The heads of 

 most of the species afford a sort of nar- 

 cotic juice, but that cultivated for its 

 opium is the P. tomniferum, which is 

 grown extensively in India, Turkey, and 

 Egypt, in fields, as corn is with us. It 

 lias also been grown in England, but the 

 climate is too changeable to render it a 

 safe crop. See OPIUM. 



PAPAW' TREE. A name common to all 

 the species of the genus Carica, but espe- 

 cially applied to that (C. papaya) which 

 grows in both Indies and the Guinea 

 Coast. It is a roundish fruit, has some- 

 what the flavour of a pompion, and is 

 boiled and eaten with meat as turnip is 

 with us. 



PA'PER is chiefly manufactured of ve- 

 getable matter, as fragments of linen and 

 cotton reduced to a pulp. There is a sort 

 made from rice for drawing upon, and 

 another from silk for bank-notes, &c. 

 The name is derived from papyrus (q. v.), 

 and the works where paper is manufac- 

 tured are called paper-mills. The sorts 

 are numerous, but all are made up into 

 sheets, quires, and reams ; each quire con- 

 sisting of 24 sheets, and each ream of 20 

 quires. Chinese paper is made from the 

 inner bark of the paper-tree (Broussonetia 

 papyrifera), or Chinese mulberry, now 

 acclimated in France , and the India paper, 

 employed for engravings, is made of the 

 bamboo, by triturating, grinding, boiling, 

 and fermenting : it is much thinner than 

 the myrtle-tree paper. 



PA'PER COAL. A variety of bituminous 

 shale : so called from its divisibility into 

 extremely thin leaves. 



PA'FER-CUR'RENCT, \ Notes or bills is- 



PA'PER-MO'NET. I sued by authority, 

 and promising the payment of money, 

 and circulated as the representative of 

 coin. The name is commonly applied to 

 notes or bills issued by a state, or by a 

 banking corporation; but some suppose 

 that the terms should be extended to all 

 promissory notes and bills of exchange. 



P A'FER-HASG'IKGS. A general name for 

 all stained, painted, or stencilled papers, 



used as hangings for covering the walla 

 of apartments, &c. The art of making 

 paper-hangings has been copied from the 

 Chinese, and till lately was almost mono- 

 polised by the French, who were allowed 

 to exercise their genius in perfecting the 

 art, unchecked by taxation. 



PA'PEK-MUL'BEKRY, t The Chinese mul- 



PA'PER-TREE. J berry, Broussoiie- 



tia papyri/era, from the inner bark of which 

 the Chinese make their paper. See PAPER. 



PA'PIER LI'SGE. A sort of paper manu- 

 factured in France. It resembles damask 

 and other linen so completely, as to re- 

 quire narrow inspection to discover the 

 difference. 



PA'PIER-MACHE'. The French name of 

 a composition now much employed in the 

 manufacture of tea-trays, snuff-boxes, 

 and numerous other light and elegant 

 articles. It consists of cuttings and other 

 waste of paper, boiled in water, and 

 beaten in a mortar to a sort of paste. It 

 is then boiled in a solution of size, when 

 it is ready to be fashioned in oiled moulds. 

 When the moulded articles are dry, they 

 are covered with a coating of size and 

 lamp-black, and afterwards varnished. 

 When an article is to be ornamented with 

 figures, these are painted before var- 

 nishing. 



PAPI'LIO. The Butterfly. A genus of 

 diurnal Lepidoptera, of which there are 

 numerous species. The larvae have always 

 sixteen feet ; the chrysalides are always 

 naked, the perfect insect is always pro- 

 vided with a proboscis or trunk, flies only 

 during the day, and has the most splen- 

 didly decorated wings of all the Insect 

 tribes. The genus Papilio, Lin., is now 

 divided into 28 sub-genera. 



PAPILIONA'CEJE. A natural order of 

 plants, the 32nd of Lin., comprehending 

 such as have flowers resembling the 

 wings of a butterfly (papilio) , as the vetch, 

 pea, &c. SeeLEouMiNOs^, 



PAPILIONA'CEOCS, Lat. papilionaceus. 

 Butterfly-like. Applied to the corolla of 

 plants when they are irregular and spread- 

 ing, and thus have some resemblance to 

 a butterfly. Such a flower usually con- 

 sists of five petals; vexUlum, the banner, 

 the large one at the back ; alee, the two 

 side petals or wings; and the carina or 

 keel, consisting of two petals, generally 

 united by their lower edges, and embra- 

 cing and protecting the internal organs. 



PAPIL'LA, Lat. from pappus, down. 1. 

 The nipple of the breast. 2. The termi- 

 nation of a nerve, &c., generally used in 

 the plural, papilla ; as the nervous pa- 

 pilla? of the tongue, skin, &c. These are 

 minute projecting filaments, each contain- 

 ing, perhaps, a separate branch of the 

 nerves of touch. 



PAP'ILLOSE. Lat. papillcsiis, pimpled. 

 Applied to stems of plants with soft tu- 



