PAR 



541 



PAR 



raise or lower the barrel as may be re- 

 quired. 



PARCELLING. Among seamen, long nar- 

 row slips of canvas, daubed with tar, and 

 bound about a rope, like a bandage, be- 

 fore it is sewed. Parcelling is also used to 

 raise a mouse on the stays, &c., and is 

 firmly fastened by marline from one end 

 to the other. Parcelling a seam is laying 

 a slip of canvas upon it, and daubing it 

 over with melted pitch. 



PAR'CEL MAKERS. Two officers of the 

 exchequer, who make parcels of the 

 escheator's accounts, and deliver the 

 same to the auditors of the court. 



PAR'CENER. Co-parcener. A co-heir : 

 one who holds lands by descent from an 

 ancestor in common with another, or 

 with others. Norm, parcenier, from par- 

 fonnier, a participator. 



PARCH'MENT. The skin of sheep or 

 goats, prepared in such a manner as to 

 render it proper for writing upon, cover- 

 ing books, &c. : different from vellum. 

 The name is said to derive, through the 

 medium of the continental languages, 

 from Pergamus, the city where it is said 

 to have been first manufactured. The 

 etymology is, however, very doubtful. 



PAREOOR'IC, from tr^ctyofiM, to miti- 

 sate. Anodyne : P. elixir, is a name given 

 in England to the Tinctura Camphors 

 Composita: and in Scotland to the 2'inc- 

 tura opii ammoniata. 



PAREIR'A BRAV'A. The root of the Cis- 

 sampelos Pareira. 



PAREM'BOLE'. II6u.toAj. Insertion : 

 a rhetorical figure, in which something 

 relating to the subject is inserted in the 

 middle of a period : it thus differs from a 

 parenthesis, which is foreign to the subject. 

 The parembole and parenthesis are, how- 

 ever, often confounded. 



PARENCHY'MA. Hctofy%uu.. Suffusion: 

 from ratat'yx.uaj, to'strain through. 1. 

 The spongy and cellular substance, or 

 tissue, which connects parts together: 

 applied to the connecting medium of the 

 substance of The viscera. It takes its 

 name from the ancient notion, that the 



blood was strained through it. 2. In 



botany, the green juicy layer of the bark, 

 which lies immediately under the epider- 

 mis of trees. 



PARENCH YM'ATA. An order of Entozoa, 

 comprising those species in which the 

 body is filled with a cellular substance, 

 or even with a continuous parenchyma, 

 the only alimentary organ it contains 

 being ramified canals which distribute 

 nourishment to its different points, and 

 which, in most of them, originate from 

 suckers visible externally. Cuvier di- 

 vides the order into four families: Acan- 

 thocephala, Tremadotea, Taenioidea, and 

 Cestoide*. 



PAKE.NCHYM'ATOUS. Consisting of par- 

 enchyma : spongy : porons. 



PA'RESE, | A large shield, used in the 



PAR'RIS. J warfare of the mKMle agps, 

 to cover assailants advancing to the 

 walls of a fortress. 



PAR'OASITE. A variety of actinolite, so 

 named from its being found in the Isle of 

 Pargas, in Finland. 



PAH'OET. 1. Plaster-stone, or gypsum. 



2. To parytt, it to plaster roughly. 



See FACETTING. 



PARH E'LION , from vot, *, near, and ^10; , 

 the sun. A mock sun, or meteor of a 

 bright colour, appearing on one side of 

 the sun, having somewhat the appearance 

 of the great luminary himself. Parhelia 

 are not, however, always round ; some 

 are tinged externally with colours like the 

 rainbow, and many of them have a long 

 fiery tail opposite the sun, becoming paler 

 towards the extremity. Their cause is 

 not well ascertained, though it is gene- 

 rally believed that they are caused by the 

 reflection of the sun's beams on a very 

 thin cloud, composed of minute cylin- 

 ders of ice : spherical particles produce 

 halos. 



PA'RIAN. Pertainingto Paros.an island 

 of the Egean Sea, as the Parian marble, 

 which was found there. The Parian 

 Chronicle was a chronicle of the city of 

 Athens, engraven on marble, in capital 

 letters, in the isle of Paros. It contained 

 a chronological account of events from 

 Cecrops, B.C., 1582 years, to the archon- 

 ship of Diognetus, B.C., 264 years ; but 

 the chronicle of the last 90 years is lost. 

 This marble was procured from Asia 

 Minor, in 1627, by the Earl of Arundel , 

 and, being broken, the fragments are now 

 denominated the Arundelian Marbles. 



PA'RIAS. A degraded tribe of Hindis, 

 who live by themselves in the outskirts 

 of the towns, and in the country build 

 their houses apart from the villages, or 

 rather have villages of their own. They 

 are precluded from all possibility of ad- 

 vancement, and are doomed to perform 

 all sorts of menial work. 



PARIS' TAL, Lat. parietalis. Appertain- 

 ing to a wall : applied in anatomy to two 

 arched and somewhat quadrangular 

 bones, situated one on each side of the 

 superior part of the cranium. In botany, 

 &c., any organ growing from the side of 

 another. 



PARIETA'RIA. Pellitory. A genus of 

 plants. Polygamia Moncecia. Name 

 from paries, a wall, because it grows 

 chiefly on old walls : this applies princi 

 pally to the P. officinalis, or wall- pell itory , 

 formerly in high estimation among phy 

 sicians. 



PAR- IM PAR. Among the Romans, the 

 ! game of even or odd. 

 \ PA ai PA?SO. With pqual itep. 



