PH A 



560 



PHE 



PnALAR'orE. The name of several spe- 

 cies of aquatic fowls, inhabiting the 

 northern latitudes of Europe and America. 

 Their flesh is oily and unpalatable. 



PHAT/LUS. A genus of fungi, named 

 after the pAAos of the Greeks, which it 

 closely resembles. The Morel fungus and 

 stinkhorns are species. 



PHASEROGAM'IC, from <pvigog, manifest, 

 and ya^oo?, marriage. An epithet for 

 plants in which the stamens and ovarium 

 are distinctly visible : opposed to crypto- 

 gamic. 



PHAN'TASM, QctvrcttrfAcc, from favroi^u, 

 to appear. The imaginary perception of 

 some object which is not really present : 

 the result of disease of the eye or sen- 

 sorium. 



PHANTASMAGO'RIA. In optics, denotes 

 remarkable illusions or combinations of 

 phantasma, arising from the application 

 of the magic-lantern, exhibited sometimes 

 on a grand scale in the public halls of this 

 country and France. 



PHJR'ISEES, Heb. pharas, separated. A 

 sect among the Jews, who pretended to 

 peculiar holiness. 



PHARMACOPffi'lA, from (pag/UMZOV, & 



medicine, and aro/iai, to make. The art 

 of preparing medicines; also a book of 

 directions for the composition of medi- 

 cines, approved of by medical practition- 

 ers, and published by authority. 



PHA'KOS. A lighthouse, thus named 

 from a celebrated one on a small island 

 near the port of Alexandria in Egypt, 

 reckoned one of the seven wonders of the 

 world. 



PHARYNOE'AL. Belonging to or affect- 

 ing the pharynx. 



PHARTNG'ITES. Inflammation of the 

 membrane which forms the pharynx. 



PHARTNGOT'OMT, from p<*yy<; and 

 rtpveu, to cut. The operation of cutting 

 into the pharynx. 



PHA'RTNX, <fc^uy^. The muscular bag 

 at the back part of the mouth, the use of 

 which is to receive the masticated food, 

 and convey it into the oesophagus, where 

 it terminates. 



PHASCOL'OMYS. A genus of Marsupialia 

 established by Geoffroy to receive the 

 Wombat found in King's Island, on the 

 South of New Holland. It is as large as 

 a badger, feeds on grass, lives in burrows, 

 and is much esteemed for its flesh. Name 

 from fatrxa^6, a pouch, and ^4*5, a rat. 



PHASE'OLUS. The Kidney-bean : a genus 

 of papilionaceous plants. Diadelphia 

 Decandria. Name from pewtjAos, a little 

 ship, or galliot, which its pods somewhat 

 resemble. 



PHA'SES (plural of phasis), <*<?, from 

 f tui*, to shine; appearances. Applied, 



in astronomy, tu the various appearance* 

 of the moon, Venus, Mercury, &c., at dif- 



ferent times. The diagram exhibits th<=: 

 phases of the moon. 



PHASIANEL'LA. A genus of Mollusea 

 established by Lamarck in the order Pec- 

 tinibranchiata, family Trochoida, Cuvier. 

 The species inhabit the Indian ocean, and 

 are much sought after bv collectors, on 

 account of the beauty of their colours. 

 Name dim. of phasiamis, a pheasant. 



PHASIAN'IDJE, (paurtotw, pheasant. A 

 family of Gallinaceous birds. 



PHASIA'NCS. A genus of Gallinaceous 

 birds, the pheasants, now divided into 

 various subgenera, such as Gallus (our 

 common cock and hen), of which several 

 wild species are known ; pheasants, pro- 

 perly so called, as the common pheasant 

 of Europe, gold and silver pheasants of 

 China, &c. ; Tragopon, &c., Cuvjer. The 

 name ^ct.iriavo';, supposed to be from the 

 river Phasis, in Asia. 



PHELLAu'DRitM. A gecfls of herbaceous 

 plants. Pentandria Digynia. Name from 

 peX/ej, the cork-tree, and a.v$$u>;, male ; 

 because it floats upon water like cork. 

 The water-fennel (P. aquaticum) , a nar- 

 cotic and poisonous plant, is the British 

 type. 



PHELLoptAs'Tics, from feXXer, cork- 

 wood, and ^^at.ftrca, to mould. The art o. 

 modelling in cork. 



PHEN'ICISE. A brownish-black sub- 

 stance (when dry) obtained from indigo 

 by the action of sulphuric acid, and thus 

 named by Mr. "W. Crum, but called by 

 Berzelius purple of indigo. It dissolves 

 readily in water and alcohol, and both 



