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FULVONA'BIA. Lungwort. A genus of 

 perennial plants. FentandriaMonogynia. 

 Named from p\dmo, the lung, because of 

 its virtues in diseases of the lungs. The 

 species are all hardy plants. 



PULMOXA'JUJE. The first order of 

 Arachnides, characterised by a well- 

 marked circulating system, and pulmo- 

 nary sacs, always placed under the abdo- 

 men : hence the name. 



PULMO'.NEA. The first order of Gas- 

 teropods, distinguished from all the other 

 Mollusca by respiring elastic air, having 

 no branchia?, but a net-work of pulmo- 

 nary vessels. Some of them are terres- 

 trial, as the slug (Umax'), and snail (helix] : 

 others are aquatic. 



PULSE, Lat. pulstu, from pello, to drive. 

 1. In animals, the beating or throbbing of 

 the heart and arteries ; more particularly 

 the sudden dilatation of an artery, caused 

 by the projectile force of the blood. It is 

 generally felt at the wrist, by pressing 

 the radial artery. 2. In botany, legu- 

 minous plants or their seeds, from their 

 being pulled (?) Beans, peas, vetches, lu- 

 pins, &c. are examples of pulse. 



PDLVIL'LI , in insects, are the cushions of 

 soft hair closely set, with which their 

 feet are provided, by means of which 

 they are enabled to suspend themselves 

 against gravity. 



PCL'VINATED, Lat. pulvinar, a pillow. 

 In architecture, expresses a swelling in 

 any portion of an order, as the frieze of 

 the Ionic order, for example. 



PC'MA. A name of the Couguar (Felis 

 discolor, Lin.), found in both Americas. 



PCM'ICE, ) A light, spongy, fib- 



PCM'ICX-STONE. ) rous lava, supposed to 

 be produced by the disengagement of 

 pases, while the lava is in a plastic state. 

 It melts before the blowpipe into a white 

 enamel or glass. Immense quantities are 

 often ejected by volcanoes. 



POMP, Fr. pompe, 

 Dut. pomp. A ma- 

 chine for raising wa- 

 ter or other fluid: 

 usually consisting of 

 a tube or tubes, in 

 which valves and 

 pistons or buckets 

 are made to operate. 

 Pumps are of two 

 kinds :(1.) Those up- 

 on tho lifting princi- 

 ple, therefore called 

 lifting pumps, and ab- 

 surdly suction pumps. 

 (2). Those upon the , 

 forcing principle, | 

 termed force pumps. 

 The first sort are ap- 

 plied to wells when 

 the height does not exceed 33 feet. The 

 principle is shown in the first cut. The 



PUX 



force-pump acts by compression instead 

 of by exhaustion, and is mostly employed 

 for great depths, or for supplying boilers 

 against the force of steam. The principle 



II 



3KCK 



will be understood from the second 

 figure. The lift-and-force pumps are, how- 

 ever, often combined, forming a machine 

 which gives a continuous and regular 

 supply. The principle is shown in the 

 third figure, it being understood that a a 

 is an air-chamber, the elasticity of the 

 air within it acting upon the surface of 

 the water and forcing it upward through 

 the delivering pipe. There are nume- 

 rous other forms of pumps ; indeed there 

 is perhaps no machine of which there are 

 so many forms and modifications. 



PUNCH, ) Fr. poin^on. 1. A com- 



PUNCHE'ON. j mon name for all iron 

 tools used by stone-cutters, &c., for cut- 

 ting or chipping. Also the name of a 

 short stout piece of steel, or iron steeled, 

 used for stamping out pieces so as to make 

 perforations in iron plates and the like. 

 A die is also sometimes termed a punch. 

 -2. In carpentry, a piece of timber 

 raised upright under the ridge of a build- 

 ing, and in which are joined the little 



timbers, &c. 3. Puncheon is sometimes 



applied as the name of a large cask con- 

 taining about 120 gallons. In this sense 

 the word is synonymous with hogshead. 



PUNC'TATE, Lat. punctatus, dotted. Ap- 

 plied to parts of plants, &c. 



PPNCTUA'TION, from punctum, a point. 

 The art of marking with points the divi- 

 sions of a discourse or other writing into 

 sentences and clauses. It is accomplished 

 by means of four points: the period (.) ; 

 the colon (:) ; the semicolon (;) ; and the 

 comma (,). The art is modern; the an- 

 cients wrote without any distinction of 

 members, periods, or words. 



PUN'DIT. A name in Hindoostan for a 

 learned Brahmin. 



PC'NICA. The pomegranate tree. A 

 genus of Icosandria Honoyynia. The P. 

 granatum or common pomegranate is 



