SAL 



636 



SAL 



prey, as a lion, when its fore-legs are 

 raised in a leaping posture. 



SAL'IFI ABLE, from sal and/ncio.tomake. 

 Capable of becoming a salt, or of com- 

 bining with an acid to form a salt. 



SA'LII. The Koman flamens. 



SAL'IVA. So called a aalino sapore from 

 its salt taste, or from irin^o;. spittle. The 

 lluid which is secreted by the salivary 

 glands into the cavity of the mouth. 



SAL'IVARY GI.\.NDS. Those glands which 

 secrete tlie saliva. They consist of three 

 >airs : the parotid glands, the siibmarillary 

 ^lands, and the sublingwtl glands. 



SA'I.IX. The "\Villow: a genus of trees, 

 comprising about 200 species. Dicecia 

 J)i(iii(lri<t. Name from Hebrew, sala * 

 Don enumerates 73 British species. Al- 

 most all the species are hardy. 



SAL'LV, Fr. saillie. In carpentry, the 

 end of a piece of timber, when cut across 

 the fibres with an interior angle formed 

 by two planes. 



SAL'LY-FUKT. 1. In fortification, a pos- 

 tern gate, or passage, under ground, 

 from the inner to the outer works, such 

 as from the higher flank to the lower, or 

 to the tenailles, or to the communication 

 from the middle of the curtain to the 

 ravelin. 2. A large port on each quar- 

 ter of a fire-ship, for the escape of the 

 men into boats when the train is fired. 



SAL'MO. Salmon. A genus of fish, com- 

 prehending the salmon and trout. Dr. 

 Farnel describes 11 species in his prize 

 essay on the Natural History of the Fishes 

 f the Firth of Forth. See SALMON. 



SALM'ON. A well-known and highly- 

 valued fish, the Salmo Salax, Lin., Cuv., 

 Y'arr., &c. It inhabits the seas around 

 Great Britain, and extends to the North 

 of Europe and Asia. It is said to grow 

 sometimes to the weight of 801bs., but 

 20 Ibs. appeai-s to be nearly the average 

 weight. 



SALMON'ID., } A family of abdominal 



SALMON'IDES. ) fishes, of which the sal- 

 mon is the type. 



SALM'OX-TROUT. The Salmo Trutta, 

 Yarr. ; called also Salmon-bull trout, and 

 at Berwick it is occasionally named 

 Whitling. 



SALO'ON , It. salont, from sala, a hall. A 

 lofty spacious hall, usually vaulted above, 

 with two stages of windows. It is com- 

 mon in the palaces of Italy, whence it 

 came to France, and from France to 

 England. 



SALPHUNEL'LA. Fused nitrate of pot- 

 ash cast into cakes, balls, or cylinders. 



SALSO'LA. Saltwort. A genus of plants. 

 PentandriaDigynia. Named from the 

 saline properties of some of the species, 

 as the S. kali, which affords the mineral 

 alkali soda; as do also the 5. soda, the 

 S. saliva, and some others. 



SALT, from tal. ! la chemistry, a com- 



pound, in definite proportions, of an acid 

 witli an alkali, earth, or metallic oxide 

 When the proportions of the constituents 

 are so adjusted that the resulting sub- 

 stance does not affect the colour of in- 

 fusion of red cabbage, it is called a ntutra* 

 salt. When the predominance of acid \t ' 

 evinced by the reddening of the infusion 

 the salt is said to be acidulous, and the 

 prefix super or hi is used to indicate this 

 excess of acid. If, on the contrary, thfc 

 infusion be turned to green, the salt j 

 alkaline, and takes the prefix sub. The 

 discoveries of Sir H. Davy have, how- 

 ever, rendered it impossible to include 

 all salts under one category : there are a 

 vast number of salts, formed by the com- 

 bination of acids with salifiable bases, 

 but the chlorides, bromides, cyanides, 

 fluorides, iodides, carburets, phosphurets, 

 sulphurets, &c., compose a distinctly dif- 

 ferent order of salts, as containing nei- 

 ther an acid n.jr an alkali ; e. g. crystal- 

 lised culinary salt is a chloride of sodium, 

 consisting of chlorine and the metal so- 

 dium. A solution of a chloride becomes, 

 however, a real salt in the old sense of 

 the term, namely, a hydrochlorate ; a 

 portion of the water being decomposed, 

 the hydrogen unites with the chlorine, 

 forming hydrochloric acid, and the oxy- 

 gen unites with the base, forming an 

 oxide. 2. The name salt is applied par- 

 ticularly, and with qualitative names. 

 Culinary, Rock, or Sea salt is chloride of 

 sodium : Sitter, Purging, or Epsom salt is 

 sulphate of magnesia: Glauber's salt is 

 sulphate of soda : Salt of hartshorn, or 

 sal volatile is carbonate of ammonia : 

 Sedative salt is boracic acid : Rochelle salt 

 is tartrate of potash and soda : Salt of 

 silvius is acetate of potash : Salt of sorrel 

 is oxalate of potash : Microcostnic salt is 

 a triple phosphate of soda and ammonia : 

 Spirit of salt is an old name for hydro- 

 chloric acid : Salt of tartar is carbonate 

 of potash : Salt of lemons is citric acid : 

 Salt of saturn is acetate of lead: Salt of 

 amber is succinic acid : Salt of vitriol is 

 sulphate of zinc : Wonderful salt is sul- 

 phate of soda : Perlate salt is phosphate of 

 soda : Salt of wisdom is a triple muriate 

 of mercury and ammonia. 



SALTATO'RIA. A family of orthopterous 

 insects, remarkable for the largeness o. 

 their thighs, and for their spinous tibiae, 

 which are adapted for saltation. The 

 family is composed of the genus Gryllus, 

 Lin., comprising Grasshoppers, Crickets, 

 Katy-dids, &c. 



SAL'TIER, Fr. sautoir, from saiiter, to 

 leap. In heraldry, one of the eight great 

 ordinaries; a St. Andrew's cross. 



SALTPE'TRE. Nitre, or nitrate of pot- 

 ash : salt and TETJOJ, a stone. It is found 

 native in India, Spain, Naples, and other 

 parts. 



