SAN 



637 



SAN 



SALC'IE. In military affairs, a dis- 

 charge of fire-arms (.great or small Runs) 

 in honour of some person of distinction. 

 A salute is also sometimes given by lower- 

 ing the colours, beating drums, &c. 



SAL'VAGE, Fr. from Lat. salnis. In 

 commerce, a reward or recompense al- 

 lowed by law for the saving of a ship, 

 goods, &c., from loss at sea by shipwreck, 

 enemies, pirates, &c. 



SALVATEI/LA, Lat., from snZtis, health. 

 In anatomy, a vein which runs along the 

 little finger, unites upon the back of the 

 hand with the cephalic of the thumb, and 

 empties its blood into the external and 

 internal cubital veins. 



SAI/VIA. Sage. A genus of plants com- 

 prising upwards of 100 species. Diandria 

 Monogynia. The Meadow-sage and Ver- 

 vain are the only British types. 



SAL VOLATILE. Volatile salt. Sesqui- 

 carbonate of ammonia. 



SAMBU'CUS. The Elder: a genus of trees. 

 Pentandria Trigynia Name from Heb. 

 Sabttc'ca, a musical instrument formerly 

 made of elder-wood. T^ie Dane-wort or 

 Dwarf Elder and the Black Elder (of 

 which last there are several varieties), 

 are the only British types. All the spe- 

 cies are hardy. 



SA'MIAN EARTH. A marl found in the 

 Isle of Samos, and formerly used in me- 

 dicine as an astringent. 



SA'MIAN STONE. A sort of polishing- 

 stone, brought from the Isle of Samos. 

 Used by goldsmiths. 



SA'MIEL, 1 A hot and destructive wind, 



SIMOO'M. /peculiar to the deserts of 

 Arabia. It is common in the months of 

 July and August. The term is Arabic, 

 from a root signifying to poison, and has 

 now come to signify the destroyer, 



SAM'PHIRE. In botany, see CRITHMUM. 



SAM'SON'S POST. A strong pillar resting 

 on the keelson, and supporting a beam of 

 the deck over the hold. 



SAN-BENITO. 1. A sort of linen gown, 

 painted with hideous figures, and worn 

 by persons condemned by the Inquisition. 

 2. A coat of sackcloth worn by peni- 

 tents on reconciliation to the church. 



PANCTIFICA'TION. In theology, the state 

 of holiness of mind which succeeds jus- 

 tification. 



SAND (Saxon). The name given to flint 

 or quartz finely divided by the action of 

 water, but not reduced to powder: small 

 particles of siliceous matter not cohering 

 together. 



SAN'DAL or RED SAUN'DERS "WOOD, Fr. 

 'antal. 1. T he wood of the Fterocarpus san- 

 '.alinus.a. tree which grows in Ceylon, and 

 on the coast of Coromandel. It is a dye- 

 wood, the colouring matter of which is 

 named sant aline, and is of a resinous na- 

 t. uie . 2. A kind of slipper worn by the 



SAN'DALIFORM. Sandal, or slipper-like. 

 Applied to the nectary of some plants. 



SAN'DARACH, Lat. sandaracha, from 

 Arab, saghad narak. 1. A resinous sub- 

 stance, the produce of the Thuja artictt- 

 lata, a small tree which grows in the 

 northern part of Africa. Used as pounce- 

 powder for strewing over erasures in 



writing, and in varnishes, &c. 2. A 



name of realgar or sulphuret of arsenic. 



SAN'DEVER, i Glass-gall. The whitish 



SAN'DIVER. j scum from the materials 

 of glass while in fusion. A similar sub- 

 stance is thrown out in eruptions of vol- 

 canoes. 



SAND-PREY, ) The mud-lamprey or 



SAND-PRIDE. } pride, Ammoccetes bran- 

 chialis, Cuv., Yarr. It rarely exceeds 

 three inches, and is considered peculiar 

 to the rivers of England and Scotland. 



SAND-SMELT. A fish, the Atherina pres- 

 byter, Cuv. and Yarr., called also atherine. 



SAND'STONE. Free-stone. A name com- 

 mon to all stones composed of grains of 

 sand agglutinated together. The grains 

 are sometimes very fine, at other times 

 very coarse, forming conglomerates, pud- 

 ding- stones, breccias, &c. 



SAN'GIAC. A Turkish governor of a 

 province. 



SANOUIFICA'TION, from sanguis, blood, 

 and facio. to make. The natural func- 

 tion of the body, by which the chyle is 

 changed into blood. 



SANGUIN'ARINE. An alkaline substance 

 of a bitter taste, obtained from the root 

 of the Sanguinaria canadensis, or Cana- 

 dian blood- wort. 



SANOUISOR'BA. Great Burnet. A genus 

 of perennial plants. Tetrandria Mono- 

 gynia. Named from the blood-red colour 

 of its flowers. The Italian pimpinella. is 

 the British type. 



SANOUISU'OA. The leech (sanguis, blood, 

 and sugo, to suck). The common or me- 

 dicinal leech has been separated from the 

 genus Hirudo, Lin., and thus geiierically 

 named by Savigny. 



SAN'HEDRIM, L. Lat. synedrium,Gr. trvii- 

 $oiov, from truv and =, a seat. The 



freat council of seventy elders among the 

 ews. This council heard appeals from 

 inferior courts and had the power of life 

 and death. 



SA/NIES (Latin). A thin unhealthy dis- 

 charge, with or without admixture of 

 blood or pus, from fistula? or ill-condi- 

 tioned sores. 



SAN'SCRIT. The ancient language of 

 Hindostan, from which are formed all the 

 modern languages or dialects of the great 

 peninsula of India. It is from the same 

 stock as the ancient Persic, Greek, and 

 Latin, but is, like these, a dead language. 

 According to H. T. Colebrooke, iucr< 

 signif es the polished dialect. 



