BAP 



638 



S AR 



Exj's-cuLo'TTEs.Fr., from sans, without, 

 nd ivlotte, breeches. The name given 

 in derision to the popular party, by the 

 aristocratical, in the beginning of Che 

 French revolution of 1789. As the fierce 

 principles of democracy prevailed, the 

 name became honourable, and tans-rulot- 

 tism became synonymous with genuine 

 republicanism. 



SANT'AUNE. The colouring matter of 

 the red Saundors-wood, discovered and 

 sonamedbyPelletierinlSH. See SANDAL. 



SANT'ALUM. The generic name of the 

 white and yellow Saunders : S. albtun of 

 the East Indies. Class Tetrandria : order 

 Monogynia. Name corrupted from the 

 Arabic zand&l. It is aromatic. 



SAN'TONINE, \ A crystallisable sub- 



SANTON'IC ACID. } stance possessing acid 

 properties, discovered by XOhler and Alms 

 in the seeds of the Artemisia santonica, or 

 southernwood. 



SAP. 1. Sax. saep. The sap of vege- 

 tables is a watery mucilaginous liquid, 

 often strongly saccharine, so as even to 

 yield a large quantity of sugar, and to 

 furnish a very strong fermented liquor. 

 It varies considerably in its composition. 



Also the alburnum of a tree. 2. Fr. 



taper, to dig. In sieges, a trench for un- 

 dermining, or an approach made to a for- 

 tified place by digging, or under cover. 

 The single sap has only one parapet, the 

 double has one on each side, and the fly- 

 ing is made with gabions, &c. In all 

 saps traverses are left to cover the men. 



SAPAJO', \ In zoology, the sapajous form 



SAPAJOU'. i a division of Linnaeus' great 

 genus Simia, comprehending such of the 

 American monkeys as have prehensile 

 tails. They have the head and the pro- 

 jection of the muzzle very moderate. 

 Facial angle 60. 



SAPAN'-WOOD. A dyewood obtained 

 from a species of the same tree which 

 yields the Brazil-wood (the Casalpinia 

 tapan, Lin.). It is a native of Siam, 

 Pegu, the Philippine Islands, and some 

 other parts. The name is corrupted by 

 the French from Japan, whence they 

 procured the wood in old times (?) 



SAP GREEN. The juice of the berries 

 of the buckthorn, used as a pigment by 

 water painters. 



SAPHE'NA, <ret$*i, visible. The large vein 

 of the leg which ascends over the exter- 

 nal ancle. 



SAPIEN'TIS DEN'TES. Wisdom teeth. 

 The two inmost of the denies molares of the 

 upper jaw, one on each side : so named 

 because they do not appear till the indi- 

 vidual has attained the " years of dis- 

 cretion." 



SAPIN'DUS. The soap-berry nut, or 

 tree. A genus of trees and shrubs. Oc- 

 tandrta Trigynia. Name contracted from 

 Sapo Indus, Indian soap, the rind of the 



fruit serving, instead of soap, to cleanse 

 linen. India and warm parts of America. 



SAPONA'RIA. The soapwort. A genus 

 of herbaceous plants. Decandria l)iyy- 

 nia. Named from sapo, soap, because its 

 sap, like soap, cleans linen. The common 

 soap or bruisewort is a native of Britain. 



SAP'ONCLE, Lat. saponulus from sapo, 

 soap. A combination of a volatile or 

 essential oil with a base, as saponule of 

 ammonia, &c. 



SAPPERS AND MIXERS, ROYAL. The non- 

 commissioned officers and privates of the 

 body of Royal Engineers. 



SAP'PHIKE, Lat. sapphirus, Gr. rec*. 

 $Hfi>{, from Arab, safara, to shine. A 

 precious stone, next in hardness to the 

 diamond, consisting of alumina coloured 

 with oxide of iron. Its colours are blue 

 and red, sometimes white, green, and yel- 

 low. It varies from transparent to trans- 

 lucent, and occurs in blunt-edged pieces, 

 in roundish pebbles, and crystallised. 

 Found in Bohemia, Saxony, France, &c. ; 

 but the red sapphire (called oriental ruby) , 

 is only found in quantity in Ava. It is 

 highly valued. 



SAP "WOOD. The external part of the 

 wood of exogens. 



SAR'ABAND, Fr. sarabande, Sp. zara- 

 banda. A dance and tune in vogue in 

 Spain, and said to be derived from the 

 Saracens. 



SAR'CENET, from sarcen, silk. A sort of 

 thin light silk fabric. 



SAR'COCARP, from <raf|, flesh, and xce.%- 

 jT6f, fruit. The fleshy part of certain 

 fruits placed between the epicarp and 

 endocarp. The sarcocarp is that part 

 which is usually eaten. 



SARCOCE'LE, from <rg|, flesh, and xy>.r<, 

 a tumour. A disease of the body of the 

 testicle, in which it is converted into a 

 fleshy -like substance. There are many 

 varieties. 



SARCOCOL'LA, from ffoc.%%, flesh, and 

 xoKKct, glue. A sub- viscid' sweetish, and 

 somewhat nauseous gum-resin, the pro- 

 duce of the Peneea mucronata, which 

 grows in Persia and Arabia. 



SARCOL'OOY , from o-^|, flesh , and Kcyo; , 

 discourse. The branch of anatomy which 

 relates to the softer parts of the body. 



SARCO'MA , from trctozou, carnetim rcddo. 

 A fleshy tumour or excrescence. 



SARCOPH'AGUS, from trccql-, flesh, and 

 <pyo, to eat. A tomb or coffin made of 

 one stone. According to Pliny, it was 

 originally the name of a stone (a variety 

 of limestone), found in the Troad, and 

 which, from its powerful caustic qualities, 

 was selected for the construction of tombs. 

 It is said to have perfectly consumed the 

 flesh of human bodies, which were buried 

 in it, in the space of forty days. From itt 



