3CU 



647 



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iy known in this country by the name 

 of King's-evil, and crewels or crw/s, and is 

 characterised by hard, scirrhous, and 

 often indolent, tumours in the glands of 

 the neck, under the chin, in the arm-pits, 

 &c., which after a time suppurate and 

 degenerate into ulcers from which, in- 

 stead of pus, a white cradled matter 

 like the coagulum of milk is discharged. 

 The disease is most common in climates 

 which are moist and coldish, and very 

 changeable, as England and Holland ; in 

 warm and very cold countries, where the 

 air is dry, it is very rare. The word is 

 sometimes written scrophula. 



SCROLL, from the same root as roll. 1. 



A roll of paper or parchment. 2. In 



heraldry, the ornament placed under the 

 escutcheon, containing a motto, or short 

 sentence, alluding to the bearings, the 

 bearer's name, or some deed, saying, 

 &c., attributed to the bearer or ancestor. 

 ^^3. In architecture, see VOLUTE. 



SCROPHULA'RIA. The Figwort. An ex- 

 tensive genus of plants, mostly perennial. 

 IHilynamia Angiospermia. Name from 

 scrofula, the king's-evil, because of the 

 unequal tubercles upon its roots, like scro- 

 fulous tumours. The water flgwort or 

 betony, common flgwort, balm-leaved flg- 

 wort, and yellow flgwort, are the British 

 types of the genus. 



SCRO'TAL HERNIA. Protrusion of any 

 of the contents of the abdomen into the 

 scrotum. 



SCRO'TTM, Lat. quasi scroteum a leather 

 coat. Bursa testium, the bag containing 

 the testes. 



SCRCB'STONE.- A provincial name for a 

 species of calcareous sandstone, much 

 used in some parts for scrubbing the sur- 

 faces of hewn stones, flag-floors, flights 

 of steps leading to a front door, &c. 



SCRU'PLE, Lat. scrupulus, dim. of scru- 

 pus, a draught man. An apothecary- 

 weight equal to the third part of a drachm. 

 It is 20 grains Troy. 



SCCD. In meteorology, clouds of a black- 

 ish colour moving quickly through the 

 atmosphere ; thus named by mariners. 

 To scud, is to keep directly before the wind 

 in a gale. 



SCULL. A short kind of oar, two of 

 which are used by one rower, one on each 

 side of the boat. 



SCULP'TURE, from scvlpo, to carve. The 

 *rt of carving stone, wood, or other solid 

 substances, into statues and other orna- 

 mental designs. Figures so cut are called 

 sculptures, and casts taken from them are 

 named models. 



SCCP'PERS, \ Channels made 



SCTJP'PER-HOLES. ) through the water- 

 ways and sides of a ship, close to the up- 

 per surface of the deck, to allow the water 

 to run off. The leather pipe attached by 

 outh of the scuppers 



of the lower deck, to prevent the water 

 from entering, is called the scupper hose, 

 and the mouths of the scuppers are occa- 

 sionally stopped by scupper-phtqs. The 

 scupper-nails are simply broad-headed 

 nails, and cover a large part of the sur- 

 face of the hose. 



SCUKF ^Saxon). Small dry exfoliations 

 of the cuticle, which form naturally on 

 the scalp, and often take place after an 

 eruption on the skin, a new cuticle being 

 formed beneath during the exfoliation. 



SCDR'VY, from scurf; scurvy for scurfy. 

 Scorbirtus. A disease characterised by 

 extreme debility, complexion pale and 

 bloated, spongy gums, livid spots on the 

 skin, breath offensive, cedematous swell- 

 ings in the legs, haemorrhages, foul ulcers, 

 foetid urine, and extremely offensive 

 stools. Scurvy is found to prevail most 

 commonly among sailors, and persons de- 

 prived of due exercise, nourishing food, 

 and excitement ; and exposed to a cold and 

 moist atmosphere. Whatever depresses 

 the nervous energy predisposes to scurvy. 

 Fruits containing a native acid, as 

 oranges, lemons, &c., are the best pre- 

 ventatives, after cleanliness, generous 

 diet, and proper exercise of the body and 

 mind. 



SCU'TAGE, Lat. scutagium, from scutum, 

 a shield. In English history, a contribu- 

 tion levied upon those who held lands by 

 knight-service. It was originally a com- 

 position for personal service, which the 

 tenant owed to his lord, but afterwards 

 had levied as an assessment. 



SCC'TATE, Lat. scutum, a shield. In 

 zoology, when a surface is protected by 

 large scales. 



SCUTELLA'RIA. Scull-cap. A genus of 

 plants. Didynamia Gymnospermia. Name 

 from scutella, a cap, in allusion to the 

 little concave appendage which crowns 

 the calyx. Of 22 species all are peren- 

 nial except one, and all are hardy plants. 

 Two species are indigenous to Britain, 

 the small and the common scull-cap, 

 which last is very common in our hedges 

 and ditches, and is used in medicine 

 against a species of ague. 



SCUTIBRANCH'IATA. An order of mol- 

 lusca : class Gasteropoda. Name from 

 scutum and bronchus ; the shells being 

 open, without any operculum and most 

 of them without the slightest turbina- 

 tion, so that they cover the animal, and 

 particularly the branchite, in the manner 

 of a shield. There are two genera, Haly- 

 otis, Lin., and Fissurella, Lamouroux. 



SCU'TIFORM, Lat. scutifarmis, shield- 

 like : scutum, a shield, and/wma, likeness. 



SCUT'TLE. 1. Sax. scttM, scutiel, a dish. 

 A broad shallow basket ; also a receptacle 



for coals. 2. Sax. scyttcl, a bolt or bar ; 



a small hatchway or opening in the deck 

 of a ship, large enough to admit a man, 



