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en which are placed the bearing., in coats 

 of arms. 



SHIFT. A change. A term used with 

 reference to relays of workmen employed 

 in mines, on railways, or other work. 



SHIL'LING, Sax. stilling; Ger. schilling . 

 An English silver coin, worth 12 pence, 

 or the 20th part of the sovereign. It con- 

 tains 80727 grs. pure silver, or S7'27 grs. 

 of standard silver (11 oz. 2 dwts. silver + 

 ISdwts. alloy). 



SHIN'OLE, Ger. schindel, from scheiden, 

 to divide. 1. In house-building, shingles 

 are small oaken boards, used like slates, 

 for roofing, and sometimes for covering 



the body of buildings. 2. The loose 



water- worn pebbles on the. sea-shore. 



SHIP. Strictly, a vessel having three 

 masts, each consisting of a lower mast, a 

 top-mast, and a top-gallant mast, with 

 their appropriate rigging ; but, in fami- 

 liar language, the name ship is employed 

 to designate any large vessel, however 

 rigged, and frequently as a general desig- 

 nation for all vessels navigated with 

 sails. 



SHIP-MOU'ET. In English history, an 

 imposition formerly charged on the ports, 

 towns, cities, boroughs, and counties of 

 England, for -providing and furnishing 

 certain ships for the king's service. 

 Abolished by Stat. 17 Car. II. 



SHIP'S- PA'PERS. The papers or docu- 

 ments required for the manifestation of 

 the ship and cargo, &c. They are of two 

 sorts :(!.) Those required by the law of 

 a, particular country, as certificate of 

 registry, license, charter-party, bills of 

 lading, bill of health, &c. ; and (2.) Those 

 required by the law of nations to be on 

 board neutral ships, to vindicate their 

 title to that character. 



SHIRE, Sax. scyre, from sciran, to di- 

 vide. A division of territory : otherwise 

 called a county. The shire was origin- 

 ally a division under the jurisdiction of 

 an earl or count, whose authority was 

 entrusted to the sheriff (shire-reeve), on 

 whom the government ultimately de- 

 volved. See COUNTY. 



SHIRE-CLERK. An officer who assists 

 the sheriff in keeping the county court. 



SHIRE-MOTE, Sax. scir-gemote, shire- 

 meeting. An ancient county-court in 

 England. 



SHIT'TIM "Woop. A sort of precious 

 wood, mentioned in Scripture. Not ascer- 

 tained. 



SHIVER, Ger. schiefer, a splinter. 1. A 



variety of clayey schist. 2. Among 



seamen, a sheave : the little wheel in 

 which the rope of a pulley runs. 



SHOAD. In iinui, stones containing 

 ore mixed with rubbish in a loose soil, 

 and sometimes near the surface. 



SHOAB, ) Sax. icore. A prop of timber, 



aofti, j acting as a brace in the side 



9 SHR 



of a building ; the upper end resting 

 against that part of the wall on which 

 the floor is supported. Timber plates are 

 usually placed at each end of the shoar, 

 and the junctions are tightened by 

 wedges. A dead shoar is an upright 

 piece, built up in a wall, which has been 

 cut or broken through for the purpose of 

 making some alteration in the building. 



SHOE. Among plumbers, the part of the 

 bottom of a leaden pipe, or water-trunk, 

 which is intended to turn the course of 

 the water. 



SHOOT'INO. Among joiners, planingthe 

 edge of a board straight and out of wind- 

 ing. 



SHOOT'ING BOARD. Two boards which 

 are joined together, with their sides lap- 

 ped upon each other, so as to form a 

 rebate for making short joints. 



SHOT. Properly whatever is discharged 

 from fire-arms or cannon by the force of 

 gunpowder. The shot used in war is of 

 various kinds ; as round-shot or ball (the 

 larger sort for cannon made of cast-iron, 

 the small for muskets and pistols, of lead); 

 double-headed or bar-shot, consisting of a 

 bar with a ball on each end ; chain-shot, 

 consisting of balls chained together in 

 pairs ; grape-shot, consisting of small balls 

 strongly corded in canvas on an iron 

 bottom, so as to form a sort of cylinder 

 adapted in diameter to the bore of the 

 gun ; case or canister-shot, consisting of 

 a great number of small bullets in a cylin- 

 drical tin-box ; langrel or langrage, con- 

 sisting of pieces of iron of any shape. 

 Small-shot denotes musket and pistol 

 bullets. Besides these, there are other 

 sorts of more pernicious nature, used by 

 privateers, pirates, &c. 



SHOT-WRACKS or SHOT-LOCK'ERS. In 

 ships, wooden frames, bolted to the cramp- 

 ings and head-ledges round the hatch- 

 ways on the decks, to contain the dif- 

 ferent shot. 



SHOUL'DER. 1. Among carpenters, the 

 plane transverse to the length of a piece 

 of timber from which a tenon projects. 



2. The shoulder of a bastion is the place 



where the face and flank meet. 



SHOPL'DERIXO PIE'CES. In joinery, set 

 BRACKETS. 



SHRAP'NEL SHELLS, in gunnery, are 

 shells filled with a quantity of musket 

 balls, which, when the shells explode, are 

 projected 150 yards froai them. 



SHRED'INGS. In architecture, slight 

 short pieces fixed below the roof as 

 bearers in old buildings, and forming a 

 straight line with the upper part of the 

 rafters: called also furring*. 



SHRIMP. A crustacean, the cancer 

 crangon, Lin., reckoned delicious food. 



SHRINE, Lat. scrinium, a cabinet. Th9 

 receptacle of the remains or relics of 

 saint. 



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