STO 



684 



STO 



the crank. The steel borers are called 

 bits, and the whole instrument is com- 

 monly called a stock and bit, or centre- 

 bit. 



STOCX-BRO'KER. A broker who djalg in 

 the purchase and sale of stocks or shares 

 in the public funds. 



STOCK-EXCHA'NGE. The building where 

 the public stock is bought and sold 

 (nee STOCKS and EXCHANGE.) The Stock- 

 Exchange, situated in Capel- court, was 

 opened in 1802. Formerly the place of 

 rendezvous for persons transacting busi- 

 ness in the stocks was Jonathan's Coffee- 

 house, in Change-alley, Cornhill ; and it 

 is from this circumstance that the term 

 alley is familiarly used for stock-exchange, 

 and that a petty speculator in the funds 

 is styled a " dabbler in the alley." 



STOCK-DOVE. The wild pigeon of Eu- 

 rope, Columba oenas, Lin., long regarded 

 as the stock of the domestic pigeon, but 

 now regarded as a distinct species. 



STOCK-FISH. Cod-fish dried hard with- 

 out salt. 



STOCK'INGS. The clothing of the legs 

 and feet, anciently made of cloth or 

 milled stuff, sewed together, but now in- 

 variably knitted. Stockings are made of 

 wool, cotton, and silk. 



STOCK'ING-FRAME. An implement of the 

 hosier, for weaving or knitting stockings, 

 &c. It is a somewhat complicated ma- 

 chine, invented by William Lee, A.M., of 

 St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1589 ; 

 but receiving little encouragement, and 

 being in indigent circumstances, he went 

 to France, where, meeting with further 

 disappointment, he died of a broken heart, 

 like many other inventors before and 

 since his time. The machine has, during 

 the course of the last century, been much 

 improved. 



STOCK-JOB'BING. Speculating in the 

 public funds ; a species of gambling. 



STOCK- LOCK.. A lock fitted into a wooden 

 case. The larger locks for doors are gene- 

 rally of this sort. 



STOCKS. 1. A frame erected on the shore 

 of a river, or of the sea, and the large es- 

 tablishments in the inside of docks, for 

 the purposes of ship-building. It gene- 

 rally consists of a number of solid wooden 

 blocks, ranged parallel to each other, at 

 convenient distances, upon a very firm 

 foundation, and with a gradual declivity 



towards the water. 2. The public funds 



of the nation, or government securities, 

 instituted for the purpose <jf paying the 



interest upon loans. See FUNDS. 3. 



A machine consisting of two pieces of 

 timber, with holes in which the legs of 

 offenders are confined. 



STO'ICS. Disciples of the philosopher 

 Zeno, who taught that men should be free 

 from passion, unmoved by grief or joy, 

 and submit without complaint to the un- 



avoidable necessity by which all things 

 are governed. The name ^T&txot is from 

 ffveaa, a porch in Athens, where Zeno 

 lectured. 



STO'LO (Latin), a sucker. A runner or 

 shoot from the root of a plant, which takes 

 root in the earth. The stolos are said to 

 be supraterraneoiis when they run on the 

 surface of the ground, and subterranean* 

 when they run under the surface. 



STOLOXIF'EROCS, Lat. stoloniferus, put- 

 ting forth suckers ; stolo, a sucker or scion . 

 and fero, to produce. 



STOM'ACH.Gr. <rTOF*at%of, from O-KUUX., 

 the mouth, and ^a, to pour. A mem- 

 branous receptacle, the organ of digestion 

 in animal bodies. It prepares the food 

 fox entering into the several parts of the 

 body, for its nourishment. 



STO'MACH-PCMP. An instrument for 

 withdrawing poisons from the stomach, 

 and introducing cleansing or other liquids . 

 It resembles the syringe, except that it 

 includes two passages, the nicking and 

 forcing, and has two orifices near its ex- 

 tremity. 



STOMAP'ODA. An order of marine crus- 

 taceans, having the shell divided into two 

 portions, the anterior of which supports 

 the eyes and intermediate antennae, or 

 composes the head without giving origin 

 to the foot-claws. These organs, as well 

 as the four anterior feet, are frequently 

 approximated to the mouth on two lines 

 that converge inferiorly, and hence the 

 denomination of stomapoda, ffro/JM and 



KOVf. 



STO'MATA. Passages through the epi- 

 dermis of plants, universally regarded as 

 spiracles or breathing-pores. 



STONE-BO'RER. A molluscous animal, 

 inhabiting a bivalve shell, which mecha- 

 nically perforates or bores into rocks. 



STONE-TRUIT. Fruit of which the seed 

 is covered with a hard shell, enveloped in 

 the pulp. See DRUPE. 



STONE-GALL. The name given by work- 

 men to a roundish mass of clay, often oc- 

 curring in variegated sandstone. Stone- 

 galls lessen the value of stones for archi- 

 tectural purposes. 



STOOL. The root of a timber-tree which 

 throws up shoots. 



STOP-PLANKS. A certain description of 

 darn, employed on canals and other 

 hydraulic works. In order to prevent the 

 loss of water on canals, &c., it is usual to 

 contract the water-way at certain points, 

 and carry up wing-walls from below, 

 making vertical grooves in the face of the 

 masonry upon each side, corresponding 

 with each other, for the insertion of 

 hatches or stop-planks. Provision is made 

 for stop-planks in most hydraulic works ; 

 for instance, grooves are male at each, 

 end of a lock, on the outside of the chiuj- 



