SUB 



688 



SUB 



t>.at year was reckoned the 14th. The 

 difference between the old and new styles 



is now 12 days. See CALENDAR. 6. In 



literature, the distinctive manner of 



writing of an author. 7. In the fine 



arts, the mode in which, an artist forms 

 and expresses his ideas on and of a given 

 subject. 



STYLI'FOBM. Shaped like a bodkin or 

 style. 



STYLI'TES. In ecclesiastical history, a 

 sect of solitaries, who distinguished 

 themselves by standing motionless on co- 

 lumns and pillars, for the exercise of 

 their patience ! whence the name, from 

 ff-nXo;, a column. 



STY'LO. In anatomy, names compounded 

 of this word belong to the muscles which 

 are attached to the styloid process of the 

 temporal bone. 



STY'LOBATE, Lat. stylobatum. Tn archi- 

 tecture, a name for the whole uninter- 

 rupted basis between the columns. 



STYRAX. l.The name of a genus of trees. 

 DecandriaMonogynia. Name <r<7vg|, 

 a reed, because it was usual to preserve 

 the gum storax in reeds. The gum-ben- 

 zoin is the produce of the S. benzoin, a 

 tree formerly placed in the genus Laurus ; 

 the solid or officinal storax is the produce 

 of the S. qffMnalis, a tree which grows in 



Italy and the Levant. 2. A name of 



storax. 



SUB. 1. In composition, signifies a sub- 

 ordinate degree. 2. In chemical nomen- 

 clature, when sub is prefixed to the name 

 of a salt, it denotes an excess of base, and 

 deficiency of acid. 



SUBAH. In India, a province or vice- 

 royship. 



SUB'ALTERXS, in the army, are officers 

 below the rank of captain. 



SUB-A'PENNIJJE. A term introduced into 

 geology by Brocchi, to denote a series of 

 strata of the older pliocene period, rest- 

 ing uncomformably upon the inclined 

 beds of the Apennine range. They are 

 composed of sand, clay, marl, and calca- 

 reous tufa, and are all tertiary deposits. 



SUBAXIL'LARY. Placed under the axil 

 or angle formed by a branch of a plant 

 with the stem, or by a leaf with the 

 branch. 



SUB'-BRACHIANS, Lat. sub, and brachium, 

 arm. An order of Malacoptery gious fishes, 

 having the ventral fins either beneath, 

 before, or behind, the pectoral fins. 



SUBCAR'BONATE. A carbonate in which 

 the base predominates. See SUB and CAR- 

 BONATE. 



SUBCLA'VIAN. That which is or passes 

 under the clavicle ; as the subclavian veins 

 and arteries. 



SUBCON'TRARY. A term applied in 

 geometry, when two similar triangles 

 are so placed as to have a common angle 



at their vertex, and yet their bases not 

 parallel. 



SUBDOM'IN\.NT. In music, the fourth note 

 above the tonic, being under the domi- 

 nant. 



SUBDC'PLICATE RATIO of two numbers, 

 is that of their square roots. 



SDBER'IC ACID. A white pulverulent 

 acid, obtained from cork (su&er) by digest- 

 ing it with nitric acid. It has also been 

 obtained in crystals, which sublime in 

 white vapours when heated. It consists 

 of CgH 6 Os. 



SU'BERINE. The name given by Che'- 

 vreul to a peculiar substance obtained from 

 cork (sube"-) by treating it in the same 

 way as is done with wood, in order to 

 procure lignine. 



SUB'EROSE, Lat. suberosus, slightly or 

 sub-gnawed. Applied, in botany, to parts 

 which appear as if a little gnawed. 



SUBINFEUD'ATION, from sub and infeu- 

 dation. A term, in law, for the act of en- 

 feoffing by a tenant or feoffee, who holds 

 lands of the Crown : the act of a greater 

 baron, who grants lands, or a smaller 

 manor, to an inferior person. 



SU'BITO (It.), suddenly. In nmsic, a 

 term of direction, as volte subito, turn (the 

 leaf) quickly. 



SUB'JECT, Lat. stibjectus. 1. In grammar, 

 the nominative case to a verb passive : 



this is the subject of the verb. 2. In 



the^ine arts, that which it is the aim of 



the artist to express. 3. In logic, the 



subject of a proposition is the term of 

 which the other is affirmed or denied. 



SUBJUNC'TIVE, Lat. subjunctivus. In 

 grammar, a term designating the fourth 

 mood of verbs, because usually subjoined 

 to other verbs or words expressing con- 

 dition, hypothesis, or contingency; as 

 Sifecerintcequum, If they should do what 



is just. 2. The term is often used as 



a noun denoting the subjunctive mood. 



SUBLAPSA'RIAN. 'from sub, and lapsus, a 

 fall. A term, in theology, for that doc- 

 trine which maintains that the sin of 

 Adam's apostasy being imputed to all 

 posterity, God, in compassion, decreed to 

 send his Son to rescue a great number 

 from their lost estate, and to accept of his 

 obedience and death on their account. 

 The decree of reprobation, according to 

 the sublapsarians, is nothing more than a 

 preterition or non-election of persons 

 whom God left as he found, involved in 

 the guilt of Adam's transgression, with- 

 out any personal sin, when he withdrew 

 some others as guilty as they. The term 

 sublapsarian is opposed to supralapsarian 

 (q.v.). 



SUB'LIMATE. 1. Anything which is sub- 

 limed: the result of a process of sublima- 

 tion. 2. The corrosive sublimate <bi- 



chloride of mercury) is sometimes called 

 simply sublimate, by way of eminence. 



