8 UF 



690 



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tion : the operation by which is found the 

 difference between two sums, or a number 

 equal to that difference 



SUB'TRAHEND, from gubtraho. In arith- 

 metic, the number to be subtracted or 

 taken from another. 



SUB'ULATE, Lat. subulatus, awl-shaped. 

 Applied, in botany, to leaves, &c., which 

 taper from a thick base to a point. 



SDCCIN'AMIDE. A white solid substance, 

 which crystallises readily in rhomboids 

 from its solutions : obtained by the action 

 of ammoniacal gas on anhydrous succinic 

 acid, at an elevated temperature. Dis- 

 covered and thus named by M. Darcet. 



SUCCIN'IC ACID. Acid of amber (suc- 

 dtium), obtained by subjecting that sub- 

 stance to dry distillation. It sublimes 

 and crystallises, into the upper part of 

 the apparatus ; but it must afterwards be 

 purified by solution and recrystallisation, 

 repeated until the crystals become trans- 

 parent and shining. 



SCC'CINITE. A mineral thus named 

 from its amber-yellow colour (succinum, 

 amber). It occurs in small roundish masses 

 about the size of peas. Some mineralogists 

 refer it to idocrase ; others to the garnet. 



SUC'CINUM. The Latin name for amber: 

 from succus, juice, because it was thought 

 to exude from a tree. The Greeks called 

 it t;Aixre0y, whence our word electricity. 



SUC'COKY or CHICORY. Wild endive 

 (Oichorium intybus). A plant which grows 

 on calcareous soils in most countries of 

 Europe. The root which, when new, is 

 white and fleshy, is dried and ground on 

 some parts of the continent as a substi- 

 tute for coffee. It has of late been simi- 

 larly used in England, particularly to 

 adulterate coffee, it being much cheaper 

 than that article. 



Succession. In nosology, a mode of 

 exploring the chest, which consists in 

 shaking the patient's body, and listening 

 to the sounds thereby produced. 



SUCKEK. 1. In botany, see STOLO. 2. 



In mechanics, a name sometimes given to 

 the bucket, piston, or raising valve of a 



pump. 3. In ichthyology, the lumpflsh: 



also the name of a common river-fish in 

 New England. 



SUC'TION. In hydraulics, see PUMP. 



SUDA'MEN, Lat. from sudor, sweat. 

 Sudamina are vesicles like millet seed, 

 which appear suddenly on the skin with- 

 out fever, especially in the summer time. 



SU'DATOBY. A sweating-room. Sudor, 

 sweat. 



SU'DATOBY FEVER. Sudor anglicus. The 

 sweating sickness, an extraordinary epi- 

 demy which made its appearance in Eng- 

 land in 1485, and carried off vast numbers. 



SUDOBIF'ICS, from sudor, sweat, and 

 facio, to make. Medicines which produce 

 tudation. See DIAFHOKETIC. 



feur/out CBAO. A marine deposit of the 



older pliocene period, consisting of sand 

 and gravel with shells and corals. 



SUF'FBAGAN, from suffragans, assisting. 

 A bishop considered as an assistant to his 

 metropolitan. 



SuFFRv'TicosE.Lat. tuffruticotus. Some- 

 what woody, nearly shrubby. Applied in 

 botany. 



SU'OAB, Lat. saccharum, Or. fax%agof, 

 Pers. sAkkar, Arab, sukhir, Sans, sarkara, 

 Slav, zakar, FT. sitcre, Ger. zucher, Dut. 

 suiker, Dan. sokker, Swed. socker. Wei. 

 sugyr. A well-known granulated sub- 

 stance, manufactured chiefly from the 

 sugar-cane, Arundo saccharifera, but pro- 

 cured also from a great variety of other 

 plants, as maple, beet, parsnep, birch, 

 &c. The sugar is contained in the juice , 

 this saccharine liquor is concentrated by 

 boiling, which expels the water ; lime is 

 then added to neutralise any vegetable 

 acid which may be present ; the grosser 

 impurities rise to the surface, and are 

 separated in the form of scum; and 

 finally, as the liquor cools, the sugar 

 separates from the molasses in grains. It 

 is then put into hogsheads (called/>o/<in0,i, 

 with holes in their bottoms, through 

 which the molasses drain off into cisterns 

 below, leaving the sugar in the state 

 known in commerce by the name of raw 

 or muscovado sugar. This, when further 

 purified, takes the name of refined sugar, 

 double refined sugar, &c., according to the 

 degrees of purification. Sugar is a proxi- 

 mate element of the vegetable kingdom, 

 and is found in most ripe fruits, and 

 many larinsceous roots. By fermenta- 

 tion it is converted into alcohol, and 

 thence forms the basis of those sub- 

 stances which are used for making intoxi- 

 cating liquors, as grapes, malt, apples, 

 molasses, &c. &c. The ultimate elements 

 of sugar are carbon, oxygen, and hydro- 

 gen, resolvable into charcoal and water. 



SUGAR-CAH'DY. Sugar clarified and 

 crystallised. It is made by boiling a so- 

 lution of sugar till it becomes thick, 

 when it is removed into a heated room 

 and sticks or threads are put into it, ou 

 which it crystallises. 



SU'GAB-CANE. The Arundo saccharifera, 

 from which sugar is chiefly manufactured. 



SU'GAK-HOUSE. A building in which 

 sugar is refined. 



SU'GAR-MAN'GEL-WCR'ZEL. A biennial 

 plant, a variety of the silver beet (Beta 

 cicla), which grows in the south of 

 Europe. 



SU'GAB-MILI.. A machine for express 

 ing the juice of the sugar-cane. 



SU'QAB or LEAD. Acetate of lead. 

 Poisonous. 



SUIT. 1. In law, an action for the re 



covery of a right or claim. 2. To bring 



suit formerly meant to bring secta or 

 witness, to prove the plaintiff demand ; 



