SUP 



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SUP 



SUMP. 1. A pond of water, reserved 



for salt-works, &c. 2. In mining, a pit 



sunk below the bottom of the mine. 



3. In metallurgy, a round pit of stone, 

 lined with clay, for receiving the metal on 

 its first fusion. 



SUMPT'UARY LAWS. Leges sumptuaries. 

 Laws relating to expense (sumptus), regu- 

 lating the expense of citizens in apparel, 

 food, furniture, and other personal mat- 

 ters. Such laws have been enacted, and, 

 what is more singular, have been at- 

 tempted to be executed ! 



Scs . In astronomy, the great luminary 

 and centre of our system, having all the 

 planets and comets revolving around him, 

 at different distances, and in different 

 periods of time, and giving light and heat 

 to all. His apparent diameter at the earth 

 is 32' 36" when nearest (92,000,000 miles), 

 when most distant (95,000,000 miles) ; 

 and, taking the mass of the earth as 1, 

 his mass is 1,384,472. He revolves about 

 his axis in 25J days, with his equator in- 

 clined 7 30* to the plane of the earth's 

 orbit. Several hypotheses have been ad- 

 vanced regarding the emission of light 

 and heat by the sun, but none of them 

 are satisfactory. 



SUN'NIAH (Arab.). A troop. The ortho- 

 dox sect of Mussulmans. 



SU'PER. A Latin preposition signifying 

 above, over, excess. 1. Used, in composition, 

 to denote on the top, more than enough, 

 more than another. 2. In chemistry, this 

 word, when prefixed to the name of a 

 salt, denotes an excess of acid. See Su- 



PERSALT. 



SUPERCAR'GO. A person in a merchant- 

 ship, whose business it is to manage the 

 sales, and superintend all the commercial 

 concerns of the voyage. 



SUPERDOM'INANT, Lat. super, and domi- 

 nant, governing. In music, in the de- 

 scending scale, the sixth of the key. 



SUPEREROGA'TION (WORKS OF). In the- 

 ology, good works of men, beyond what 

 are necessary for salvation ; which, 

 among Roman Catholics, are believed to 

 be meritorious in the sight of God. 



SUPERFICIAL MEASURE. See SQUARE 

 MEASURE. 



SUPERFI'CIES, from super, upon, and 

 fades, face The surface, consisting of 

 length and breadth , but without regard 

 to thickness. 



SUPER'FLUA. Polygamia superflua. In 

 botany, one of the orders of the class Syn- 

 aenesia, characterised by a compound 

 flower, in which the florets of the disk are 

 hermaphrodite and fertile, and those of 

 the ray, though female, or pistiliferous 

 only, are also fertile. See POLYGAMIA and 

 SYNGEXESIA. 



SUPE'RIOR. In law, one who has made 

 an original part of heritable property, 

 with reservation of the rent and service. 



Su'r I-.RS ALT. A salt having an excess ol 

 acid to the base : opposed to sub-talt 

 (q. v.). This class of salts are now gene- 

 rally distinguished by the prefix In ; thus 

 the super-tartrate of potash is now called 

 the bi-tartrateof potash, and so of others. 

 In like manner, sub is denoted by the 

 prefix di ; thus the sub-chromate of lead is 

 denominated the di-chromate of lead. 

 These prefixes are more precise than super 

 nd sub, and are, therefore, to be pre- 

 ferred. 



SUPERSCA'PULAR, from super, and sea- 

 ular (q.v.). Placed above the shoulder- 

 blade : opposed to subscapular. 



~CPERSE'DEAS. In law, a writ of super- 

 sedeas is one superseding the powers 

 of an officer in certain cases, or to stay 

 proceedings. 



SUPERTON'IC. In music, the note next 

 above the key-note. 



"UPINA'TORS. A name given to those 

 muscles which turn the palm of the hand 

 upwards. 



SUP'PLEMENT, Lat. supplementum, from 

 sub and pleo, to fill. 1. In trigonometry, 

 the quantity by which an arc or angle 



falls short of 180, or of a semicircle. 



2. In literature, an addition made to any 

 work or treatise, with a view of making 

 it more complete. 



SUPPLICA'VIT. In late, a writ, issuing 

 out of the Queen's Bench, or Chancery . 

 for taking surety of the peace, when one 

 is in danger of being hurt in the body by 

 another. 



IUPPO&T'ERS. In heraldry, figures 

 standing on the scroll, and placed by the 

 side of the escutcheon, such as the lion 

 and unicorn in the British arms. 



i-ppo'sED BASS. In music, the bass of 

 a chord, when it is not the note of the 

 common chord 



SUPPO'SITORY Lat. suppositorium, from 

 ti and pono, to put. In medicine, a sub- 

 stance put into the rectum, there to re- 

 main and dissolve gradually. 



SuppuRA'TioN,from suppurate, from siib 

 andpus. In surgery, the formation of pus. 

 SU'PHA. A Latin preposition, meaning 

 above ; used as a prefix. 



SUPRACRETA'CEOUS ROCKS. In geology^ 

 applied to the tertiary strata, which lie 

 upon the chalk. 



SUPRALAPSA'RIANS. Those who assert 

 that the fall of Adam, with its pernicious 

 consequences, were predestinated from 

 eternity. 



SUPRANATURALISTS. A name given, in 

 Germany, to a middle party of divines, 

 between the Rationalists and Evangelical 

 party. 



SCPREM'ACY. The oath of supremacy is 

 an oath taken by the established clergy, 

 &c., acknowledging the supremacy of the 

 sovereign in spiritual affairs, and abjur- 

 ing the pretended supremacy of the pope 



