8 YN 



637 



S YP 



measure ; an inversion of the order of 

 notes ; a prolonging of a note begun on 

 the unaccented part of a bar to the ac- 

 cented part of the next bar ; also a driv- 

 ing note, when a shorter note, at the be- 

 ginning of a measure, is followed by two 

 or more longer notes before another short 

 note occurs equal to that which occasioned 

 the driving, to make the number even. 

 SYN'COPE. ^vyxovn. A cutting down. 



1. In nosology, fainting of swooning. 



2. In grammar, an elision of one or more 



letters from the middle of a word. 3. 



In music, the same as syncopation. Also 

 the division of a note, introduced when 

 two or more notes of one part answer to 

 a single note of another. 



SIN'CKETISM, ffvvxeatiris, mixture. 

 In philosopfiy, the blending of the tenets 

 of different schools into a system. 



SYNDESMO'SIS, from o-vvdtff&o; , a liga- 

 ment. A species of symphysis in which 

 the bones are united by means of the in- 

 tervention of a ligament, as the radius 

 with the ulna. 



SYN'DIC, Lat. syndicus ; Gr. <ruvS/xo?, 

 from ff-yy and dixr,, justice. An officer of 

 government, invested with different 

 powers in different countries ; a kind of 

 magistrate intrusted with the affairs of a 

 city or community. In Geneva, the syn- 

 dic is the chief magistrate. Almost all 

 the companies in Paris, and most of the 

 universities, &c., have their syndics. 



STNEC'DOCHE. 2wv5e%r- A rhetori- 

 cal figure, or trope, by which the whole 

 of a thing is put for a part, or a part for 

 the whole ; as the genus for the species, 

 or the species for the genus, &c. 



SYNGEN'ESIA, Lat. from g-ur, together, 

 and -ytytiris, generation. The name of a 

 class of plants in the sexual system of 

 Linnaeus, consisting of such as have the 

 anthers united in a tube, the 

 filaments on which they are 

 vpported being mostly se- 

 parated and distinct. The 

 flowers are compound. The 

 orders are Polygamia eequa- 

 lis, of which the thistle is an 

 example ; Polygamia super- 

 Aua, of which the tansy, 

 daisy, and wormwood are 

 examples ; Polygamia frustra- 

 nea, of which the sunflower 

 and knapweed are examples ; Polygamia 

 nccessaria, of which the marigold is an 

 example; and Polygamia segregata, of 

 which there is no British specimen. 



SYNG'NATHUS. The Pipe-fish. A nu- 

 merous genus of fishes of the order Lopho- 

 branchi, characterised by a tubular snout, 

 formed by the prolongation of the eth- 

 moid, vomer, tympanals, preopercula, 

 ubopercula, &c., and terminated by an 



ordinary mouth, but cleft almost verti 

 cally at its extremity. The name is from 

 rvv and yvaOo;, a jaw, i.e., united jaws. 

 There are three subgenera, viz., Hippo- 

 campus (Sea-horse), Solenostomus , and 

 Pegasus. 



SVNSECBO'SIS, from trui and nu$o. a 

 nerve. A term synonymous with syndes- 

 mosis (q. v.). 



SYN'OCHA, (Lat.) from trv^t^ia, to con- 

 tinue. In nosology, inflammatory fever, 

 as distinguished from putrid fever. Syno- 

 chus is mixed fever. 



STN'oD,from mi and &>?, a way. 1. 

 In church government, an assembly, espe- 

 cially of ecclesiastics. 1. In astronomy, 



a conjunction or concurrency of several 

 of the heavenly bodies. 



SYN'ODAL. A pecuniary rent, formerly 

 paid to the higher ecclesiastics, at the. 

 time of their Easter visitation. 



SYNOD'ICAL MONTH, or LUNATION, de- 

 notes the period of time (29 days, 12 hours, 

 and 44 minutes 2 '8283 seconds), in whicli 

 the moon, departing from the sun after a 

 conjunction, returns to him again. 



SYNOP'SIS, a-uvo^tf- A general view, 

 or collection of things or parts, so ar- 

 ranged as to exhibit the whole or princi- 

 pal parts in a general view. 



SYNO'VIA. A term coined by Paracelsus, 

 to denote an unctuous fluid, secreted from 

 certain glands in the joints of animals, 

 where it is contained. Its use is to lubri- 

 cate the cartilaginous surfaces of the arti- 

 culatory bones, and to facilitate their 

 motions. 



SYN'TAX, Lat. syntaxis, Gr. rvvngis, 

 from ffvv, and retort*, to join. A system : 

 a number of things put or joined together. 

 In grammar, that branch which teaches 

 the due arrangement of words in sen- 

 tences, according to established usage. It 

 includes concord and government. 



SYNTENO'SIS, from trw, and rttuv, a ten- 

 don. A species of articulation when the 

 bones are connected together by tendons. 



SYN'THESIS, trvvOtfiy, combination, from 

 <rvv, together, and rtfhipt, to place. The 

 composition of a whole from its parts. In 

 mathematics, the process of reasoning out 

 new principles from those already esta- 

 blished. Opposed to analysis. 



SYNTON'IC, from mv, and TOVOS, tone. 

 A term in music, for sharp or intense. 



SYPH'ILIS. The venereal disease. Ac- 

 cording to some, this term is derived from 

 the name of a shepherd who tended the 

 flocks of King Alcinous ; according to 

 others, it is from trif Xs, deformed. Dr. M. 

 Good says, that it was probably invented 

 by Fracastorio, from CM, and p<Aia, im- 

 porting "mutual love," for such is the 

 title by which he has designated hii cel- 



