VIE 



741 



VIO 



lead. A structure made for conveying a 

 carriage-way from one road to another, 

 either by perforating through hills, by 

 levelling uneven ground, by a series of 

 arches, or by raising mounds, &c., &c. 



VI'A LAC'TEA. The milky- way. 



VIAT'ICUM (Lat.). Perquisites for a 

 journey. In ecclesiastics, the sacrament 

 given to a dying person. 



VIBRA'TION ,'from vibro). Reciprocal 

 undulation. In mechanics, a regular re- 

 ciprocal motion of any body, such as a 

 pendulum, occasioned by the force of 

 gravity. In music, the undulation of 

 any body by which sound is produced. 



VIB'KIO. The name given by Muller 

 to a genus of Infusoria, of the order 

 Homoaenea. The body is round and slen- 

 der, like a bit of thread. The vinegar 

 and paste eels are examples. 



VIBRIS'SA, (Lat.;. A whisker. In mam- 

 malogy. ihe stiff bristles which grow from 

 the upper lip, and" other parts of the 

 head. 



VIC'AB, Lat. rimt. A substitute : 

 the incumbent of a benefice. 



VICE. 1. Lat. vice, in the turn or place 

 of. A term used in composition to desig- 

 nate one qui vicem gerit, who acts in the 

 place of another, as viceroy, a governor 

 of a country who rules in the name of 



the king (roi) with regal authority. 



2. But. vijs. A small iron press, with 

 screws, used by workmen for holding an 

 article, while it is being filed, &c. 



VI'CE VER'SA. A Latin idiomatic phrase, 

 signifying on the contrary. 



VIC'IA. The vetch . an extensive genus 

 of papilionaceous plants. Diadelphia 

 Decandria. >~ame from vincio, to bind. 

 There are seven native species, among 

 which are the common vetch, or tare ; 

 but the pea- vetch is a native of Germany ; 

 and the garden-bean, which is also a 

 species, is a native of Egypt. 



VIDEL'ICET. Viz. A Latin word sig- 

 nifying to tcit ; that is ; namely. 



ViELtE 7 . A musical instrument, the 

 tones of which are produced by friction 

 of a wheel, acting the part of a bow, 

 against the strings, which are pressed by 



the fingers or keys. It has two strings 

 which always sound like the drones of a 

 bagpipe, and is familiarly named in con- 

 sequence Hurdy-gurdy. 



VI'GIL, Lat. vigilium, a watch. An 

 ecclesiastical usage on the eve of a feast- 

 day. 



VIGNETTE', Fr. from vigne, a vine. An 

 ornament placed at the beginning of a 

 book, preface, dedication, &c. : a head- 

 piece. 



VIGORO'SO, It. vigorous. In music, sig- 

 nifies that a movement is to be performed 

 with strength and firmness 



VIL'LA (Latin). 1. A country seat, or a 



farm of superior character. 2. The 



statute of Exeter, 14 Edward I., mentions 

 entire-fills, demi-vills, and hamlets. In 

 this sense the term is a contraction of 

 village, a small assemblage of houses, not 

 sufficient to make a town. 



VII/LAGE, or VILL, Lat. villa, a country 

 house. In law, a subdivision of a parish ; 

 a whole parish; a manor; most com- 

 monly, the out-part of a parish, being a 

 few houses separated from the rest. 



VIL'LENAGE. A tenure of lands by base 

 services. The ancient villeins were of 

 two sorts, those annexed to the manor, 

 and villeins in gross, who were annexed 

 to the persons of their lords, and trans- 

 ferrable from one lord to another. 



VILLO'SE, \ Lat. villosus, shaggy. Ap- 



VIL'LOUS, ) plied in anatomy to a velvet- 

 like arrangement of fibres or vessels, as 

 the villose coat of the intestines ; and in 

 geology and botany to parts covered with 

 a shaggy pubescence. 



VIL'LCS. In botany, a species of hairy 

 pubescence of plants. 



VI'MEN. In botany, a slender and flexi- 

 ble twig : vieo, to bind. 



VIN'CCLCM (Latin). A bond or band. 

 In algebra, a character in the form of a 

 line or stroke drawn over an expression, 

 when compounded of several letters or 

 quantities, in order to connect them ; 

 thus, a -r 6 x shows that the sum of 

 a and b is to be multiplied by x. The ex- 

 pression is more neatly written (a 4- 6) x. 



VINE. Inbotany, see VITIS and BRYONIA. 



VIN'EGAU, from tin, wine, and aigre, 

 sour. Dilute and impure acetic acid (q. v.), 

 formerly prepared only from wine ; now 

 from an infusion of malt. 



VI'NOVS FERMENTATION. Under this 

 name is comprehended every species of 

 fermentation which terminates in the for- 

 mation of an intoxicating liquid. 



Vi'oL,Ital viola. A musical instrument 

 of the same form as the violin, but larger, 

 and having six strings. It is played also 

 with a bow. 



VI'OLA. Violet. A very extensive class 

 of campanaceous plants. Pentandna*- 

 Monogynia. Named from Ia, bec&uK it 



