Y O K 752 



\ AWL. A boat usually rowed with four 

 or six oars. 



YAWS. The popular name of a severe 

 cutaneous disease, which is endemic in 

 Africa and elsewhere, and technically 

 called Frambtesia, from the French fram- 

 boise, a raspberry. 



YEAR. The solar year is the time which 

 the sun takes in passing over the twelve 

 signs of the zodiac, which is 365 days, 

 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 48 second*. The 

 civil year, is 365 days, 6 hours, or rather, 

 365 days for three years in succession, 

 and every fourth year 366 days. The si- 

 dereal year is 365d.,6h., 6m., 18'5s. The 

 anomatistical year is 365d., 6h., 14m. The 

 lunar astronomical year is 354d., 8h., 48m., 

 36s., or 12 lunations. 



YEAST. The froth of fermenting wort. 



YEL'LOW DYE. The principal vegetable 

 yellow dyes are annatto, dyer's broom, 

 fustic, fustel, Persian and French berries, 

 quercitron bark, saw-wort, turmeric, 

 weld, and willow leaves. Those of the 

 mineral kingdom are chromate of lead, 

 iron-oxide, nitric acid (for silk), sulphuret 

 of antimony, and sulphuret of arsenic. 



YEL'LOW EARTH. A variety of argilla- 

 ceous iron ore. 



YEL'LOW FEVER. Black vomit. A ma- 

 lignant fever of warm and moist climates, 

 w'hich often suffuses the skin with a yel- 

 lowish colour. 



YEL'LOWHAMMER. In ornithology, a spe- 

 cies of Bunting, the Emberiza citrinella or 

 lutea, well known from its yellow throat 

 and head. It is the Piet, or yellow Pitt of 

 some parts of Scotland. 



YEL'LOW-ROOT. In botany, a name 

 common to the Xanthorrhiza and the fly- 

 drastis (q. v.). 



YEL'LOWS. In farriery, a disease to 

 which horses are subject. It owes its 

 origin to obstructions in the gall-pipe, or 

 of the little ducts leading into the pipe. 



YE'SITE. A mineral of a greenish-black 

 colour, found in the Isle of Elba, and in 

 Norway, both crystallised and massive. 

 It is a silicate of lime andiron ; sp. gr. 4. 

 Named from Jena. 



YEO'.MAN, (Angl.-Sax.), Ger. gemein, 

 common. 1. The next class to gentleman, 



according to Camden. 2. In the royal 



household, a middle place between ser- 

 geant and groom. 3. On board a ship, 



a seaman who attends to the store-rooms. 



YEO'MANRY CAVALRY. The troops of 

 horse which were embodied during the 

 revolutionary wars of France. Several 

 troops are still kept up. 



YEW-TREE. A large tree, of which one 

 species is found in Britain, and another 

 in Ireland. The nut-bearing yew grows 

 in China. See TAXI-S. 



YOKE. A light frame of two arms at- 

 tached to a boat's rudder instead of the 

 tiller, having two yoke-lines attached to 



Z E A 



the arms, by pulling on which the boat 1* 

 steered. 

 Y<KED-Liur. A conjugate leaf. Set 



CONJVOATE. 



YTTRIA. Tttria. An earth discovered 

 in 1794, by Professor Gadolin, in Gado- 

 linite, a mineral brought from Ytterby, in 

 Sweden. Yttria is white, insipid, and 

 inodorous ; sp. gr. 4'842. Insoluble in 

 water. Strictly it is an oxide of yttrium. 



YT'TRIUM. The metallic basis of yttria, 

 discovered by "\VOhler, in 1828. 



YTTROC'ERITE. A mineral ; a fluoride 

 of calcium, yttrium, and cerium. Its co- 

 lour is violet-blue. 



YTTROCOLUM'LITE, ] Names for the 



YTTROTAN'TALITE. j yttrious oxide of 

 columbium or tantalum, found in the 

 quarry of Ytterby, in Sweden, in renifonn 

 masses of a shining metallic lustre. 



Yr -'Chinese). Nephrite or jade. 



YUC'CA. Adam's Needle. A genus of 

 plants. Hexandria Monogynia. Ame- 

 rica. Yucca, yuca, or iucca is the name 

 used by the North American Indians to 

 designate the Y. gloriosa, the thick and 

 tuberous root of which they employ as 

 bread, after reducing it to a coarse flour. 



YULE. Sax yehul, a feast ; Celtic gicyl, 

 a holiday. The old name for Christmas. 



YCNX. Th Wryneck. A genus of 

 birds. Order Scamorice. The wryneck 

 is very closely allied to the woodpeckers, 

 and in some respects to the cuckoo. In 

 England it is a bird of passage, and ar- 

 rives a few days before the cuckoo. Its 

 name of wryneck is derived from its habit 

 of twisting its neck in a singular manner. 



Z, the last letter of the English alpha 

 bet, as a numeral stands for 2000, and 

 with a dash over it, Z, for 2,000,000. 



ZAC'CO, ) In architecture, the same as 



ZAC'CHO. j Zocle (q.v.). 



ZAF'FRE. Saffre. The residuum of 

 cobalt, after sulphur,' arsenic, and other 

 volatile matters of the ore have been ex- 

 pelled by calcination. See SAFFRE. 



ZANTHOP'ICRIX. A bitter principle ob- 

 tained from the bark of the Zanthoxylon 

 Caribaum. 



ZAPOTE'. A generic name, in Mexico, 

 of fruits which are roundish, and contain 

 a hard stone. 



ZAR'.MCH. A native sulphuret of ar- 

 senic. 



ZAX. A tool for cutting roofing slates. 



ZEA. Maize, or Indian Corn. A genui 

 of bread-grain grasses. Mon&ciaTrian- 

 dria. Name, borrowed from the Greeks, 

 1,-iot.- which appears to have been a spe- 

 cies of Triticum or Hordeum. There ii 

 only one species, the Z. mays, of America. 

 See 'MAIZE. 



