ECH SUPPLEMENT. ELE 



ECHIDNIXE, the poisonous secretion EL.EOMETER, an instrument for testing 



formed in the poison glands of vipers and the purity of olive oiL 



serpents generally. It is a. nitrogenous sub- ELASTIC BITUMKN, a soft variety of bitu- 



stance, associated with albumen and other men found in brownish masses hi various 



matter. places, and possessing flexible and elastic 



ECOSTATE, leaves without a co&ta or cen- qualities, from which it has been also called 



tral rib. Mineral caoutchouc and Elaterite. 



ECTHESIS, a decree of the Emperor ELATERS, loose spiral fibres found along 



Heraclius in 639 for terminating the Mono- with the sporules of Marchantla, Junger- 



thelite controversy. It declared the doc- mannia, &c. 



trine of two wills in Christ to be heresy. ELATERIUM, a fruit consisting of three or 



As it failed to accomplish its object, the more consolidated carpels, which burst by 



Emperor Constans in 64S recalled it, and elasticity when ripe, a^ in the fruit of 



issued a decree called the Type, prohibiting Euphorbia. A caecum or pericarp of dry 



the use of the terms "single" or " double elastic parts. 



will," and imposing silence on the coutro- ELEATIC PHILOSOPHY, the system of phi- 



versialists on both sides. Martin I. con- losophy originated by Xeuophaues of Elea or 



demned the Type at Rome in 649. The Velia, B.C. 530 ; who, along with his dis- 



Ecthesis is supposed to have been framed by ciples, confined their attention to the ideas of 



the Patriarch Sergius. God and Existence or Being, which they held 



ECTROPIUM, eversion of the eyelids, to be the only true objects of permanent 



arising from disease. existence. The phenomena of the world 



EDAPHODOXTS, a group of fossil fishes, so 

 called from peculiarities of their pre maxillary 

 dental mass. 



EDDOES, the edible tuberous stems of 

 several Aracea, used as food in tropical 

 climates. 



EDRIOPHTHALMA, a group of malacostra- 

 ceous crustaceans with sessile eyes. 



EFFERVESCENCE, the escape of gas from 

 liquids by chemical action or fermentation. 



EFFUSION, the escape of the fluid of one 

 organic vessel into some adjoining organ. 



EGO PLANT, the Solatium ejculentum, 

 the fruit of which has the appearance of eggs. 



which change and p-is.s away they regarded 



nation. 



ly illusory and incapable of expla- 



ELECTIJIC FISHES, fishes, such as the 

 Gymiiotus, or electric ee', torpedo, and Ma- 

 lapterunig clectriciu, or SUurus. 



ELECTRIC LIGHT. This light is generally 

 produced by partially interrupting a current 

 of electricity passing along the wires of a 

 battery by charcoal points or pencils at the 

 ends of the wires. The magneto-electric 

 light of Wylde produces a light of sufficient 

 intensity and steadiness to be fit for all the 

 purposes of photography, and more reliable 



JLANTIXE, the sweet brier rose, Rosa for its uniformity th>n even sunshine, and 

 rubiginosa and Rosa egla>tieria. Milton " is sufficient to set fire to articles submitted 

 was in error in applying this name to the , to the focus of a burning-glass at a distance 

 honeysuckle. [of more than twenty feet. It is repre- 



EGYPTIAN BEAN, the fruit of yeliimbium sented to be maintainable at a cost of eight- 

 tpeciosum, considered to be the forbidden ; pence per hour, 

 bean of the Pythagoreans. ELKCTRO-BALLISTIC APPARATUS, an 



EGYPTIAN PEBBLE, a variety of jasper arrangement of electricity for ascertaining 

 found in the Desert between Cairo and the the velocity of a projectile at various 

 Bed Sea. points of its flight. Two screens are inter- 



EIDER DCCK, the most important of the posed between the projectile and the butt 

 Anatidce, and the type of the sub-genus 'or target, one near the gun and the other 

 Somateria. The down of this duck is of near the target. In passing through the 

 great commercial importance and value. j first of these screens the projectile breaks 



EIKON BASILIK.E, a work the authorship 'a current of electricity, and sets at liberty a 

 of which was traced by Sir James Mackin- pendulum which is stopped by the passage of 

 tosh to John Gauden, Bishop of Exeter, but the projectile through the second screen, 

 which had generally been ascribed to Charles The time taken by the projectile between 

 I. It gives " the Portraiture of his Sacred the two screens is exactly that of the arc 

 Majesty in his Solitude and Sufferings." described by the pendulum. Thus, on the 



EL^EIS GUINEENSIS,) the oil palm of first day's experiments with the 81 ton gun 

 Vest tropical Africa, from which the palm at Woolwich, September 17th, 1H7.J, the fifth 

 oil imported so largely into Great Britain is round, with a charge of 230 Ibs. inch-and- 

 obtained. It is an exceedingly fruitful palm ; half cube powder, propelled a shot of 

 andfrom the outer fleshy coating of its fruits 1260 Ibs. weight at the muzzle velocity ot 

 the oil is extracted by boiling in water. |l550 feet per second ; the shot penetrating 



EL.EOLITE. (See ELAOLITE.) This variety 44 feet into the sand, and the recoil of the 

 of uepheline is a silicate of alumina, potash, i gim being 37 feet. The s'uct '< round pene- 

 and soda. The pale blue and partially opal- trated three feet further into the j>and, with 

 escent specimens are occasionally used as j a shot 2 Ibs. lighter and a charge of powds f 

 gems. I ten pounds greater; U>* muzzle velocity 



783 



