VOL SUPPLEMENT. WAR 



itood, it is a protection to the lungs and a "VT.iSL TRKATY or OA^TTTTLATi'.r, 

 a healthy development of the chest and an agreement by which the Emperor Elect 

 throat. Stammering or stuttering arises of Germany bound himself to respect the 

 from want of a due reserve of breath, and liberties v,-.d maintain the righi* of the 

 want of knowledge and experience instorinz Empire an^'. its special obligations, 

 and economising it, and only strong-lunged WAlltAMOISRSorKA!.TW<r.,MJ >"pi8 

 and strong- throated people can go on stam- poem of Finland, recently re<vv r :*i to 

 mering with impunity. Singing from the literature from purely oral traditior . <* rl to 

 throat, instead of from the chest, is also possess merits, and completeness c; -rut- 

 occasioned by blundering habits of breathing; ture and extent, equal to the !;-! of 

 and if the vocalist only knew how disagree-, Homer, and remarkable as a composUion of 

 able and annoying it is to a discriminating the agglutinate stage of language, 

 ear, he would never attempt to sing until he \V.vi\voi>K, the governor of a small 

 had conquered his pernicious and unhealthy Turkish province or town, 

 error. But so it is also of the oratory of the *> A K i-> or VlflU>, revels held on the 

 pulpit, the bar, and the senate, and the eve of festivals during the Middle Ages, 

 elocution of the stage. The great body of W \LCHO\VITK, a mineral resiu from 

 men in all these departments of public life, Walchow, Moravia. 



however eloquent in thought and feeling [ WALLFI.OWKK, the Cheiranthu* Cheiri. 

 they may be, in reality do not know thej WALLOWEU, a trundle wheel or lantern 

 physical laws of correct speech, and are wheel. 



feeble often where they might, with very U'ALMSTKTUTE, a native carbonate of 

 little trouble, acquire the very highest and magnesia or breunnerite. 

 most impressive power. Any one with WALNTT, literally, the foreign nut, the 

 sound lungs may acquire the habit, with a edible fruit of Juglang regla, a valuable 

 little well-advised practice, of sustaining the and beautiful cabiuet-wood tree, 

 voice for a full minute on any important \VAi.i'i:m;is Xnmr, the German fes- 

 passage of music or piece of elocution, and tival of the 1st of May, held in honour of 

 the highest, purest, and most expressive Walburga, the niece of the German Apostle 

 power of intonation will be found to reside Boniface. 



in the vocal organs when so sustained, asi WAJIPEE, the fruit of Cookia punrtata. 

 well as their greatest force and energetic in- 1 WAR, ART OF, or, more properly, 

 tensity'; while the practice of so commanding SCIENCE OF, for everything of great public 

 the vocal faculties will be found to induce concernment becomes science under the light 

 tne trust and best habits of healthy breath- and energy of modern intelligence, and, 

 ing. Much of the cold, bronchitis, and con- under these, the whole character and art of 

 sumption to which mankind are subject in ancient warfare, familiar to the student of 

 vulable slimates is due to the neglect of classical history, have undergone change and 

 tiese imrtant considerations. [J. A. S.] renovation. At present what were once 



VOLSCXG SAGA, the Saga of which "* impregnable fortifications and de- 

 S 'urder is the hero fences would be blown away in a few hours' 



'VoBTiCELLi, the wheel animalculte, cannonading under the terrific powers of 

 whose anterior vibratile organs attract their modern artillery, and cities which were con- 

 foo-l by small whirlpools, into the vortex of 8lder , ed fe within their ancient wallsdown 

 Which it is drawn, whence their name. : to a late period in modern history can now, 



V CLCAN^TK, Volcanic Garoet, a synonym inabriefer ?*<* of time than it would take 

 of Augite or Pyroxene ; also a synonym of Jo build an ordinary cottage, be desolated 

 'bouite by a shower of 8heU and shot from an enemy 



VULVA. An orifice in anatomy is 80 ' Placed at the limit of what was once called 

 called ; in conchology a spatulate mark in ' he potential range of gunnery, nine miles' 

 *htlli of the genus Venus. distance 1 The fate of Paris during the re- 



*>'ULViFuuii cleft-like with projecting cent war between France and Germany has, 

 id-ei projecting ^ ^ ^ lmle ^^ gtartled and dis _ 



-rrr turbed the whole security and self-confi- 



dence of the present age, and brought ter- 

 ribly near to its most ghastly embodiment 



"WAD?, GUN, the round discs of millboard that grim prophetic period when, if the pas- 

 or other material fitted to the bore of fowl- sions of man break loose in the misapplica- 

 ing pieces, inserted between the charge of tion of those formidable resources which 

 powder and the small shot in loading. Wads greatly increased knowledge has placed at 

 are similarly used in artillery, and are | his command, there shall be wars and ru- 

 called, according to their peculiarities, mours of wars such as never have been since 

 grummet, junk, papier-mache, and coal dust the world began. Nitro-glycerine, dynamite, 

 wads. i fulminates of mercury and silver, gun cot- 



\V ACUTE, a hydrated silicate of zinc, of ton, and other explosive materials in the 

 a varying blue to green colour, found con- ( charging of detonating shells, torpedoes 

 cretionary in the Ural Mountains. land other resources of the skill and 



836 



