FUCI . 5 
Water Plants, out articulations, bearing tubercles full of globules, Puci. 
Ceramium, Batra which globules " to be capsules. This ae Sy 
the species of Dr Dottcancend division of Ceramium, 
with articulations, those of the first being sent back to 
the genus Fucus: it likewise embraces the marine Con- 
Ruci. marks on the Study o Pepa 
= poses the followi ~ pete ucus, u 
- chospermum, Conferva, Mertensia, Hydrodictyon, Ul- 
_ ‘va, Rivalaria, Linckia, and Tremella. The plants usu- 
ally denominated sea-weeds, are contained in. four of 
these genera, viz. Fucus, Ceramium, Conferva, and 
Ulva. 
' Fucus is characterised thus: ‘ Vesicles (receptacles 
, imbedded in the substance of the frond, an 
furni with mucifluous pores.” " 
Ceramium thus : eee oo proasitee 
- “naceo-cartilaginous, with adnate iferous capsules.” 
Of Se wendhanarn two divisions’ Ist, With unie 
form ca fronds, containing some of the more 
slender nt 0 bg _ ee Pat nin tn a 
ve; 2d, Wi e fronds irregularly jointed, comprehend- 
ing the jointed fuci, and the a of the capsuli- 
ferous conferve. It may here be noticed, that Mr Stack-~ 
house at one time, while the French revolutionary wars 
prevented the naturalists of this country from knowing 
what was done by their brethren on the Continent, pro- 
posed td constitute a very different genus, embracing 
the broad smooth-fronded fuci, under the title. of Cera- 
mium; but that he afterwards dropt. that. name, and 
substituted the appropriate one of Palmaria.. - 
. The Conferve of Roth, are defined as consisting of 
small tubes, or herbaceous filaments, with granules of 
fructification scattered on the inside coats of the tubes ; 
and the Ulva, as presenting expanded dia mem- 
-branes, with granules of imbedded fructi nm princi- 
ly towards the margins, which the Doctor consi- 
mare as liable first to decay, and thus to liberate the 
$. ; 
- M. Decandolle’y Method: 
M. Decandolle, in the Flora Gallica, and Flore Fran- 
“ gaise (1805), has given an arrangement of the submer- 
sed alge, chiefly founded on the writings of Dr Roth, 
and M. Vaucher of Geneva. Eleven genera are enu- 
merated: Nostoch, Rivularia, Ulva, Fucus, Ceramium, 
Diatoma, Chantransia, Conferva,  B mum, 
‘ Hydrodictyon, and Vaucheria. Of these; Ulva, Fucus, 
and Ceramium, comprize the sea-weeds. : 
' Ulva includes all those with membranaceous fronds, 
in which the seeds or ca 
epidermis, without any means of being discharged but 
by the destruction of the frond itself. The genus seems . 
rather heterogeneous, and is divided into no fewer than 
six sections: (1.) Those that are gelatinous within, as 
_F. tomentosus ; (2.) Those that are tubular, as the well- 
known Ulva compressa ;. (3.) Flat, without peduncle, 
and without mid-rib, as U. umbilicalis, or laver ; (4.) 
-Flat, with a longitudinal mid-rib, as F. membranaceus ; 
“(5.) Flat, with a peduncle, as the well-known tangle F. 
igitatus ; (6.) Flat, marked with transverse ‘zones, as 
+ pavonia. A : 
ft Fucus is charaeterized as flat or filiform,, with the 
seeds or capsules united in groups or tubercles, some- 
times lateral, sometimes terminal ; the seeds being dis- 
charged by a distinct external pore. This description 
takes in a part only of the plants usually considered as 
fuci, ee ly F. vesiculosus, serratus, siliquosus ; 
some having, as already noticed, passed to- the genus 
Ulva, and others, as F. filum, going. to the following 
us. 
_Ceramium is — by having filiform fronds, 
which are either simp 
psules ‘are »placedunder the ., 
or branched, and with or with- 
ferve, The genus Conferva of the Flore Francaise is 
confined to those fresh-water species which were hud- 
re together by Linneus, under the name of Conferva 
ata, 
Dr Wahlenberg’s Method. 
Dr Wahlenberg * proposes the division of the Linnean Method of 
genus Fucus into three genera, or rather tribes: Fucus, Wl 
properly. so-called ; Spharococcon ; and Palmaria. berg, 
1, Fucus : “ Semina in capsulis poro dehiscentibus, 
aggregatis, frondi immersis ; stimulque adsunt vesicu- 
le simplices seu articulate.” This includes F. serratus, 
vesiculosus, siliquosus, nodosus, loreus. 
2. Spheerococcon ;. “ Semina in capsulis imperforatis, 
solitariis, superficialibus ;_ simulque adsunt granula 
immersa-in appendicibus foliorum, fere ut in conferyis.” 
This takes in F. sanguineus, alatus, plumosus. 
3. Palmaria: “ Semina solitaria nuda, in frondium- 
superficie.” This includes the large fuci, as F. digita~ 
tus, and saccharinus, (Turn. t. 163.) 
He adopts the following subdivisions : 
(1.) Frondescent, with:a simple mid-rib or nerve in 
the centre of the frond ; as. F. serratus and vesiculosus. 
(2.) Frondescent, with branched veins or nerves ; as- 
F, sanguineus, and sinuosus, (Turn. t. 35.) 
(3.) Stipitate, with a simple stem, proceeding. from 
a fingered root, and spreading out into a broad frond ; 
as F. digitatus and. saccharinus, 
(4.) Foliaceous and stemless, membranaceous, with- 
out nerves or veins ; as F. palmatus, and canaliculatus 
( Turn, t. 3.) 
(5.), Caulescent, with. distinct fruit-bearing processes, 
(i: e. receptacles), which are deciduous; as F, siliquosus 
and nodosus. 
'(6.) Caulescent, naked and compressed ; as F, loreus 
and plumosus. 
(7.),Filiform, with spherical fronds; as F. filum 
and. lycopodiodes. 
M. Lamouroua’s Method. 
Lamouroux, far from confining himself tothe fruc- 
tification as-the basis of his divisions, derives his cha- 
racters from every part of the plant, .or even from any 
remarkable accessary circumstance. He-divides all the 
thalassiophytes, into. six Orders, viz. Fucacex, Flo- 
rise an Dict otee, Ulvacez, Alcyonidee, and Spongo- 
exe 
Most of the species of this family have distinct stems 
and leaves... In,the stems of the larger kinds, particu- 
larly in F. digitatus, may be observed parts analogous 
to the epidermis, bark,.wood and pith of land: plants. 
The Fucaceze are readily tornin a longitudinal direction, 
and a-well.characterized fibrous organization, is then 
displayed, . In general the fibres are divided by septa ; 
the partitions-being more distant and of. a looser tex- 
ture than inherbaceous plants. In most of the Fucaces 
the organs of fructification are complicated ; According 
to Lamouroux, the seeds are inclosed in capsules ; these. 
* Georgii Wahlenberg Flora Lapponica, Berlin, 1812, 8yo.. 
The. Jirst order, Fucace®, is the most numerous. 1: Fuce- 
They are distinguished: by their “ woody structure, and CE. 
. their colour being somewhat olive, drying to blackish.” 
