Fungi. 
13. CLAVA- 
RIA 
14. THE- 
LEPHORA, 
44 
which bears a vertical cap, obtuse at the summit, and 
produced on each side of the stalk. Hence it resembles 
a spathula. It is found in autumn in pine groves. 
When in perfection, if the heads are touched, a smoke 
arises from the edges, which is thrown out with con- 
siderable force, and continues to rise for some time, 
littering in the sun like particles of silver. 
Genus XIII. Cravaria. The fungi of this genus 
consist of simple or branched . expansions,. generally 
fleshy, sometimes. coriaceous, destitute. of a cap, and 
emitting the seeds from all parts of the surface. They 
are, in general, club-shaped, and have been divided by 
Persoon into several genera. The present genus ex~ 
cludes those Linnzan species which are known to pos- 
sess distinct receptacles for the seed. 
Sect. 1. Fleshy, simple. Clavaria pistiliaris. Sower. 
tab. 237. This is the largest and thickest species of the 
genus. It is from one to two inches high, simple, gla- 
brous, and club-shaped. The skin is very close and fi- 
lamentous at the summit, which is at first rounded, and 
afterwards parts lengthwise into fungous threads. It 
grows upon the ground and among moss, is of a yellow 
or straw colour, and of a friable substance like suet. 
Sect. 2. Fleshy, branched. Clavaria coralloides. 
Sower. tab. 278. This plant is brittle and plump, sim- 
ple, or in two or three divisions, each of these subdivi- 
ded into a number of smaller branches, like some spe- 
cies of coral. These branches are round, or slightly 
compressed, and often waved at the edges. The co- 
lour is in general yellowish, rarely reddish, sometimes 
white. The flesh, or internal: substance, is white. It 
grows upon the ground, and is subject to great varia- 
tion in form and colour. It is admitted to the. table, 
and esteemed one of the best of the esculent fungi. 
Secr. 3. Coriaceous, simple. Clavaria ophioglossoides. 
Sower. tab. 83. 
by the blackness of its colour, and softness to the touch. 
It. is-about'two inches high, and half an inch over at the 
broadest part. The stalk is club-shaped at the summit, 
sometimes divided into two parts, generally grooved, 
and often twisted. The surface is glabrous, and cover- 
ed with a very fine black powder. It is white within, 
and hollow when old. It grows upon the ground in 
moist situations. 
Sect. 4. Coriaceous, branched. Clavaria laciniata. 
Sower. tab. 158. This forms at first a shapeless crust, 
which, as it grows old, divides into flat expanded 
branches, jagged at the ends. It varies much in its 
appearance. Its colour is white or grey, but the ex- 
tremities of the branches are often tipt with reddish 
brown. The substance is solid and tough. It grows 
upon ‘the ground. 
Genus XIV. Tuetepuora. The Thelephore pos- 
sess 2 coriaceous cap, of an irregular form, sessile, and 
adhering to other bodies by the side or the back ; the 
outer surface is smooth, or covered with a few papille, 
and bears the seeds. They are found attached to the 
stems of trees, by their barren surface ; afterwards they 
lose in part their attachment, and become horizontal, 
thus placing the fertile surface beneath. They constitute 
several very well marked and natural sections. 
Secr. 1. Cap entire, funnel-shaped, adhering by the 
centre. Thelephora caryophyllea, Auricularia caryoph. 
Sower. tab. 213. This plant,is fleshy, thick, and soft. 
The upper surface is beautifully zoned; the under 
side is smooth and waved, and covered with globules 
disposed in fours, which are visible with a microscope. 
It is sometimes’ simple, at other times divided into 
This plant is readily distinguished” 
FUNGI 
many parts, covering each other like the tiles of a house. 
The margin is frequently torn. In some cases it ad« 
heres by the side, and in others appears to be furnish- 
ed with a short peduncle. | It varies greatly in colour, 
through different shades of brown. It is “oD and 
grows upon the ground, and upon putrid wood. 
Secr. 2. Cap semicircular and attached by the trun« 
cated side. Thelephora reflexa.. Sower. tab. 27. ‘This 
is a very common plant, growing on decayed trees, 
pales, and gates. The upper surface is zoned and hairy; 
the under surface close, and sometimes vari ' 
In colour and shape itis ‘subject to much variation. The 
substance, when young, must be gelatinous, as it is of- 
ten pierced by blades of s, but when old it is 
tough and coriaceous. ‘The under surface has always 
a reddish hue. 
» Szcr. 3. Cap attached by the barren surface. Thele« 
phora papyrina. Sower, tab. 349. . This is slender, soft 
zoned, and hairy above. The inferior surface is at first 
united, afterwards it is zoned and pitted with pores of 
various sizes. The prevailing colour is yellow or red. 
It grows on the seiko. of trees. . 
nus XV. Hypnum. 
sometimes the su 
with awl-sha sub , pointing to the earth. 
These prickles are soft, solid, cylindrical or conical, 
emitting seeds from near their extremities. The plants 
are either fleshy or coriaceous, and. grow. upon the 
ground or upon the trinks of trees... ately 
Secr. 1. Without a distinct cap, branched. -Hydyym 
coralloidés.. Sower. tab. 252. . This is the largest spe- 
cies of the genus, It is sessile, at first white, and af- 
terwards yellow. The base, which is fleshy and brittle, 
sends out a number of branches, whose under surface is 
beset with prickles. The last divisions of the branches 
form imbricated bushes, each bearing a tuft of long, 
awl-shaped, crooked and iy prickles, When y 
it is very like a cauliflower. It grows upon 
stumps and aged trees, 
_ Seer. 2., Without a distinct cap, base spreading on the 
trunks of trees. Hydnum barba Jovis. Sower. tab. 328. 
This fungus is coriaceous, sessile, membranaceous, and 
applied to the substance upon which it grows by all the 
points of its superior surface. When young, it is of a 
white colour, becoming afterwards of a yellowish red. 
The inferior surface is covered with numerous white 
simple mammellar protuberances ; from the summit of 
these, yellow simple or branched filaments proceed ; 
and in the latter stage of the plant, others are protru- 
ded, which are of an orange colour, and covered with 
hairy spicule. ; ‘ 
Secr. 3. Pileus distinct, prickles cylindrical or coni« 
cal. Hydnum auriscalpum. Sower. tab. 267. _This 
plant is coriaceous, tan-coloured at first, afterwards be- 
coming of a dark brown. The stalk is thick, short and 
solid, supporting a rounded, zoned, and sometimes 
downy cap, which is at first vaulted and smooth above; 
afterwards the cap becomes funnel- , and the in- 
ferior surface studded with small cylindrical prickles. 
It grows upon old rotten cones, and decayed branches 
of the fir tree, lying half buried in the ground. 
Sect, 4. Cap more or less distinct, prickles lamellar. 
Hydnum sublamellosum. Sower, tab.112. This Hyd- 
num is tender, white, and furnished with a'short, solid, 
cylindrical stem. The cap is very thick, and the 
prickles are formed into small straight a variously 
waved. It grows on the ground, ei singly or in 
groups, 17 atte 
The inferior surface, and 15. Hys 
ior, of this fungus, is hedge-hogged, Num. 
