aoe 
43%. Tne- 
LUBOLUS. 
44, Ery- 
SIPHE, 
45. Tu. 
BERCULA- 
| AB. SciE- 
=ROTIUM. 
FUNGI 
Pilobolus urceolatus. Sower. 300, This curious 
roduction may be found on horse dung, in damp or 
lewy mornings or evenings almost all the year. At 
first itis cylindrical, with a small yellow head. Ina 
few hours the stipes inflates towards the top, and be- 
comes pitcher-shaped, and at the same time the head 
dually changes brown, by degrees becoming totally 
ack. The ‘plant being its 
arrived at perfection by i 
inflation or expansion, it bursts and jects the head 
to the distance of three or more inches, probably to 
di the seed. ; 
genus XLIII. Turiesorvs. Receptacle cortical, glo- 
bular, entire at the margin, when young inclosing a 
vesicle, which afterwards pushes out, containing a great 
many loose capsules, lengthened, pointed, and filled 
with seeds. 
Thelebolus hirsutus. This species grows upon the 
bark of living trees, forming a greyish membranaceous 
base su ng many small globular heads, with a 
row orifice at the top, by which the internal mat- 
ter contai the seeds escapes. 
Gunus XLIV. Erysiruz. The fungi here referred 
to have‘a fleshy e, containing many oval acute 
seed-vessels, ‘and surrounded with a white pulp pro- 
longed into many articulated simple or ‘ieeache rays. 
ese w upon the living leaves, The receptacles 
of all’ the known species are at first yellow, then red, 
and at last black; the extension of che base is always 
white, often covering the leaves with a retiform mem- 
brane or der. os 
Erysiphe fraxini. Mucor erysiphe of Linn.. This plant 
pape the inferior varthor of e leaves of the pend ser 
ash, forming at first a thin white crust, which afterwards 
su small tubercles, at first yellow, then. orange, 
brown, and at last black ; these are bordered with seven 
or eight pointed hairs, swollen at the base. These 
hairs are at first upright, then they become horizontal, 
and finally are obliterated. 
Genus XLV. Tusercutaria. The plants of’ this 
genus present merely a fleshy sessile tubercle, simple or 
a ae the seeds contained in a thick liquid in the 
inside. They upon the bark of trees and cer- 
tain plants, and are all remarkable for their red colour. 
Tubercularia ris. Bull. tab. 284. This plant 
is not absolutely without a stem, but the stem is very 
short, and nearly as thick at the top, entering into the 
substance has bark on mem it grows. In some 
eCii top is ofa full’ vermilion, and the 
Ses pate of a P slowish colour. In other specimens 
this order esman reversed. It is common in this 
latter variety to find young shoots growing up close to 
the stem o' the older tare: the heads of which have 
the full yermilion colour. It varies from the size of a 
pin’s head to that of hemp-seed. It is found plenti- 
pd on pieces of half rotten sticks in‘ the autumn. 
senus XLVI. Scterorium. The sclerotia present 
metely-a hard bark or covering of a more or less com- 
‘pact fleshy substance, without visible veins, in which 
the seeds are su dto be nestled, They differ from 
the genus Tuber in the absence of veins, and'from Tu- 
bercularia in the flesh being firmer, and the bark more 
coriaceous. They are the productions of spring, 
Sclerotium durum, Pers. Syn. 121. This grows be- 
tween the bark and the wood, upon the dry stalks of 
herbs and shrubs. It is oblong or oval, a little flatten- 
ed; and ofa black colour. The substance is firm and 
hard, and in the interior the flesh is white and coriaceous. 
» Genus XLVII. Tuner. The plants of this genus 
are fleshy, round, subterraneous, solid, not becoming 
51 
wdery, nor opening, at the top, bat containing veins 
8 vite directions, Soy Linneus they were united 
with the lycoperdons. 
Tuber cibarium. Sower, tab. 309. Truffles, as the 
lants of this species are called in England, are globu- 
r, seldom the size of a hen’s ge, without any root, 
and of a dark colour approaching to:blackness. The sur- 
face is uneven and rough ; the flesh firm, white while 
young, but when old it becomes black with whitish 
veins. 
Having thus concluded our proposed review of the 
different genera of Fungi, it may be proper here to re» 
mark, that, under the term Hypoxyia, which we have 
added as an’Appendix to the present article, the reader 
will find some of those genera described, which he pro» 
bably ex to meet with under the’ title Fungi. 
Such as the genus, Rhizomo: of Rothes, and that 
extensive genus, or rather tribe of plants, the Spheria 
of Linneeus. 
Before proceeding to offer some remarks on the ph 
siology of the Fungi, it may be 5. to state the 
methods which have been employed for the purpose of 
preserving them in a fit state for subsequent inspection 
and comparison. The difficulty, indeed, of preserving 
such soft and perishable objects has always been found 
one of the most formidable obstacles to the study. Dr 
Withering, to whom the British botanist lies under so- 
many obligations, after a long continued attention to 
the subject, discovered the following method, which he 
found to answer the purpose. Take two ounces of 
vitriol of copper; (sulphat of copper,) reduced to pow- 
der';) pour upon it about a tea cup of cold water, stir 
them with a piece of stick or quill for about a minute, 
then pour off the water and throw it away. On the re- 
maining vitriol pour a pint of boiling water, and when 
the whole is ‘dissolved and grown cool, add to it half 
a pint of rectified spirit of wine; ,filtre it through 
paper; keep itin a bottle closely corked, and call it 
the pickle. Toeight pints of pure spring water, add 4 
pint and‘a half of rectified spirit of wine ; keep this in 
corked’ bottles, and call itthe stronger liquor. ‘Tocight 
pints more water, add one pint of spirit of wine, and 
call it the weaker liquor. Be provided with a number 
of wide-mouthed glass jars. of various sizes, capablé of 
holding from two ounces to two pints, all very well 
fitted with corks: ‘ 
Whatever fungus, whether Agaric or Boletus, &c. 
you wish to preserve, should: be suffered to lie upon 
your table as long as it can be trusted without danger 
of its decaying, so as to allow some part of its moisture 
to evaporate ; the thick and fleshy plants should lie the 
longest, but the deliquescent ones, and those which are 
very thin and delicate, should be put into pickle almost 
immediately after they are gathered. 
Pour some of the pickle into a.square jar, and into 
this immerse the specimens to be preserved. The 
cimens should remain in the pickle from three hours 
to three days, aecording to their bulk and fleshiness: 
Then remove each'specimen into the jar in-which it’ is 
to be kept, auitiagsthve size of the jars to-the.size of the 
specimens. If they are of the large juicy and fleshy 
kind, fill'up the jar with the stronger liquor, but the 
weaker will suffice for the smaller and thinner plants: 
Whichever liquor be used, the jar must be’ quite filled 
with it, and immediately corked very tight: Cover the 
cork and the top of the jar with Venice turpentine, by 
means of a painter’s brush, and then tie a piece of 
wetted bladder very tight over the top of the jar. These 
Fungi. 
Preserva-- 
tion of the- 
Fungi. 
