’ Galileo, 
GAL 
tion as ‘soon as possible. Galileo was delighted with 
—_— this plan, and drew up, in the most flattering terms, a 
dedication to the Count, which is dated at Arcetri, 
March 6th, 1638. This work contains some of his 
finest discoveries. The doctrine of motion is treated 
ably and geometrically. .The theory of equable motions, 
and of motions uniformly accelerated and retarded, and 
of these two combined, is correctly explained. Galileo 
had the henour of first demonstrating, that the spaces 
described by heavy bodies are as the squares of the times, 
and that all projectiles move in a ‘parabolic orbit. He 
also laid the foundation of the subject of the strength 
of materials, and treated with much perspicuity the 
doctrine of the force of percussion. 
The last days of Galileo’s life were spent in the in- 
vestigation of the force of percussion, and some other 
mechanical ‘subjects ; and, in consequence of the in- 
tensity of his application, he brought on a slow fever, 
and a palpitation of the heart, which carried him off 
on the 8th of January 1641, in the 77th year of his age. 
The death of this great man was universally regretted, 
and the sciences were considered as having sustained an 
irreparable loss. His body was carried from Arcetri to 
Florence, and at the desire of the Grand Duke of Tus- 
cany, he was buried in the church of the Holy Cross, 
in the ancient sepulchre of the noble family of Ga- 
lilei. : 
The most complete edition of Galileo’s works, was 
published at Padua in 1744, in 4 vols. folio. This adi- 
tion contains numerous annotations, and long commen- 
taries, by several of his disciples. The following is a 
list of its contents, excluding the commentaries which 
we have mentioned : 
Tom. I. Le Operazione del compasso Geometrico, e 
militare di Galileo. 
Difesa di Galileo contro alle calunnie ed imposture 
de Baldassar Capra Milanese. 
Discorso intorno alle cose, che stanno in su l’Acqua, 
o che in quella si muovono, di Galileo. 
Lettera di Galileo al Sig. Tolomeo Nozzolini. 
Della Scienza Meccanica, opera del Galileo con un 
frammento sopra la forza della Percossa. 
La Bilancetta di Galileo. 
Trattato del modo di misurar colla vista di Galileo. 
Tom. II. Sidereus Nuncius. 
Comtinuazione del Nunzio Sidereo. 
Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie solari, e lo- 
ro accidenti, comprese in tre lettere scritte al Marco Vel- 
seri da Galileo. 
Il Saggiatore di Galileo.., 
Lettera di Galileo al serenissimo principe Leopoldo 
di Toscana in proposito di quanto discorre Fortunio Li- 
ceti del candor Lunare nel cap. 50 del suo Liteosfero. 
Lettera di Galileo al (P. Cristoforo Griemberger della 
5 di Gesu in materia) della montuosita della 
auna. 
Lettera di Galileo a Monsignor Dini sopra ’uso del 
Canochiale, e di Pianeti Medicei. 
__, Risposta di Galileo ad_un problema propostogli dall’ 
illustrissimo Sig. Pietro Bardi de’Conti di Vernio, onde 
avvenga, che l'acqua a chi v’entra appaja prima fredda, 
6 pot calda pitt delV aria temperata. 
_ Lettere di Galileo in proposito de trovare le longitu- 
dini per via de Pianeti Medicei, coll’aggiunta d’altre let- 
tere scritte al Galileo intorno alla medesima materia. 
Operazioni Astronomiche di Galileo. 
Trattato della Sfera, o cosmographia di Galileo. 
Lettere di Galileo'a Paolo Gualdo, &c. 
Tom. III. Dialoghi delle Scienze Nuove, o sia dis. 
A 
F604 
GAL 
corsi'e dimostrazioni intorno a due nuove scienze atte- ‘G 
nenti alla Meccanica ed’ai movimenti locali di Galileo... ol 
Lettere di Galileo circa le materie trattate nei dialoghi 
delle scienze nuove. ' ; 
Lettere di Galileo, e del P. Castelli del modo. di mi- 
surare le gocciole @’acqua cadenti sopra una data super- 
ficie. 
Lettere di Galileo. Curzio Picchena, nelle quali trat~ 
ta della Calamita. 
Lettera di Galileo sopra il Fiume Bisenzio. ‘ 
Lettere di Galileo, del P. Castelli, e del Nozzolini in 
proposita della stima d’un Cavallo. 
Frammenti di Galileo. 
Parere di Galileo intorno all angolo del Contatto. 
Postille di Galileo al libro intitolato Esercilazioni Fi~ 
losofiche di Antonio Rocco. ; 
Considerazione di Galileo sopra il Gioco de’Dadi. -' 
Problemi Vari di Galileo. : 
Pensieri Vari di Galileo. 
Tom. IV. Diologo de Galileo delli due massime Sis 
teme del Mondo, Tolemico e Copernicano. 
For a particular account of the discoveries of Galileo, 
we must refer our readers to the articles Astronomy, 
p- 59, 612, 613; Carpentry, p. 500; Dynamics, 
p. 285; Epreycroi, p. 179; Mecuanics, Optics, 
and Pneumatics. ‘(8) 
GALILEO’s Temperament of the musical scale. In 
the Overend MS. works in the library of the Royal 
‘Institution in London, ‘vol. i. p. 135, the temper. 
of the principal notes in the scale, in fractions of the 
major comma, as mentioned in the second column of 
the subjoined Table, are ascribed to the above author, 
viz. 
1 2 3 1 2 3 
c |vill FX) IV fe. 
B |Vil—*c\—3e 8 | F | 44-30 +3¢ 
Bp |7 +4e E } 1li—§e |) —te 
A |VI—Se {+3c Ep| 34+-c - 
Gx6+se los | D| tise | se 
G |V+ice |—ie Cx I —fe 
But these would produce an extremely irregular deu- 
zeave, as appears from the third column, containing the 
temperaments of a regular douzeave, calculated by Mr 
Farey’s theorems, Philasophieal Magazine, vol. xxxvi, 
p. 51, and agreeing very nearly with Dr R. Smith’s 
system of equal harmony. (¢) 
GALLS, is the name given to morbid excrescen- 
ces growing on different plants, in consequence of 
the attacks chiefly of hymenopterous insects. The egg 
of the insect is Seponitert in a puncture made with a 
sharp sting ; and when it is hatched, the maggot causes 
a great degree of luxuriance in this part of the plant, 
which appears in various excrescences. Galls are found 
in the two British species of oak. The astringent galls 
brought from the Levant, and used in dyeing and ma- 
king ink, are also the produce of'a particular species of 
oak. The best Aleppo galls have poeey a bluish, 
and sometimes a greyish and blackish colour, inclining 
to bluish. They are of a close compact texture, are diffi- 
cult to break, and are unequal and w: on the sur- 
face. The small, white, and broken are by no. 
means good. About 2000 ewt. of galls are annually 
used in Great Britain, the value of which, at £6 per 
ewt., is:£12,000. The permanent duty upon them is 
7s. and the war duty 2s. 4d. 
The following Table, given by Mr Milburn, shews ~ 
