Il. 
9, 10, 
g: 13. 
gs. 15,16, 
ition of wa- 
employed by Sir H. Davy in the 
ion decomposition 
ter; and Fig, 9. are the gold cones employed in the 
Same set of experiments. .. 
Fig. 10. ts the s which Sir H. Davy 
employed for the decomposition of salts, and the trans- 
fer of their constituents. In Fig. 11. we have the com- 
bination of three vessels, in which the transfer is exhi- 
bited in a more striking manner. 
Fig. 12. represents apparatus for taking the gal 
vanic in : it consists of a uated g 
tube, into which two wires are introduced, the one 
which enters at the side being moveable, and capable 
of being ed to the other ; according to circum- 
stances, they Fon, tipped with pieces of charcoal, or 
the wire may be , 
_ Fig. 13. is a variation in the form, which may be em- 
ed over mercury. These instruments were invent- 
ed by Sir H. Davy. 
Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18. The dissected pile employed by 
De he to illustrate the mode of its action. The 
shaded part represents the moistened cloths, and the 
letters C and Z the copper and zinc plates respectively. 
In Fig. 15. the pile is continuous, in its usual form ; 
Fig. 16. is the first dissection, Fig. 17. the second, and 
Fig. 18. the third. Fig. 14, is one of the wire stands 
that are interposed between the plates. 
Fig. 19. represents the apparatus of M. De Luc: it 
consists of two piles connected by a metallic rod at the 
bottom ; between the upper ends is in the in- 
terrupted wires terminating in water, and to each ex- 
tremity one of Bennet’s electrometers is applied. 
Fig. 20. represents the lower limbs of a frog, lying 
on a plate of metal, while another kind of metal is 
placed in contact with the spinal marrow; these two 
metals are then connected by a conducting body, and 
the muscles of the legs are thrown into convulsions. 
GALVANISM. 
101 
Fig. 21. is Dr Bostock’s numerical illustration of the 
effect of the pile; the letters point out the nature of 
the substances, and the figures indicate the increase of 
power which the electricity acquires by passing along 
the instrument. See Thomson’s Annals, iii, 86. 
Fig. 22. is an experiment of Mr Singer's, which is 
sup to disprove the hypothesis of electric energies. 
In this apparatus, each wire will have its ends in the 
opposite states of electricity, one positive and the other 
negative. . 
Besides the references that we have made in the course 
of the article, the following works and papers deserve 
to be noticed, either as presenting an interesting view of 
the gradual progress of the science, or as containing an 
abstract of the hypotheses that have prevailed at diffe- 
rent times. 
Pfaff’s Dissertation on Animal Electricity, 1793. 
Monro On Animal Electricity, 1793. 
Cavallo On Electricity, vol. iii. 1795. 
Halle’s report to the French Institute, Journ. Phys. 
t. 47. 1798. - 
Cuvier’s report, Journ. Phys. 52. 1801. 
Hachette’s report, Journ. 
‘olytechnique, 4. 1801. 
Report to the French Institute, Ann. de Chim. 41. 
1802. 
Reports made by Delamatherie in several volumes of 
his Journ. 41, 46, 48, 50. 
Sue’s History of Galvanism, 1803. 
Cuthbertson’s Practical Electricity, 1807. 
Carpue’s Introduction to Electricity and Galvanism, 
1807. 
Conversations on Chemistry, 5th conversation. 
Some 
History of the 
good remarks on galvanism occur in Thomson’s 
al Society, in Murray’s System, and 
in his Elements of Chemistry. («) 
INDEX. 
Biot’s observations on the the- 
ory of galvanism, 87 
Bostock’s observations on the 
action of the pile, 98 
Brande’s observations on posi- 
tive and negative bodies, 94 
A j 
Acid and alkali produced by 
galvanism, page 83 ~ 
Aldini’s experiments on muscu- 
iar contraction, 86. Produ- 
ces contractions without me- 
tals, ib. Believes in animal Bucholtz’s observations on me- 
electricity, ib. tallic oxides, 89 
Alkalies, fixed, decomposition 
of, 89 Cc 
Ammonia, attempts to decom- Chemical affinity influenced by 
pose it, 91 electricity, 90 
Gay-Lussac and The- effects of galvanism first 
nard’s experiments noticed by Fabroni, 
on, 92 81 
hypothesis of the pile, 
electricity, galvanism so 98 
named, 80 Cireaud’s experiments on fi- 
electricity, modification brine, 86 
ofcommonelectricity, Charcoal employed to form a 
- 85 pile, 84 
. Pile formed by Lagrave, Children’s battery, 93. Expe- 
86 riments, ib. 
Arborization of metals, experi- _ Cruickshanks’ experiments, 83, 
ments on, by Grotthus, 89 84 
B Cuthbertson’s observations on 
Battery, galvanic, 83. Elemen- 
the action of the pile, 98 
tary do, by Wollaston, 94 D 
Berzelius’s experiments on the Davy disengages gases from se- 
decomposition of bodies, 87 parate portions of water, 83. 
Biot and Cuvier found that the Forms new galvanic combi- 
pile deoxidates the air, 85 nations, 84. On the action of 
© %s observations on the ‘size galvanism upon water, 84, 89. 
of the plates, 85 Qn the decomposition of salts, 
89. On the deeomposition 
of alkalies and earths, 89. 
Hypothesis of the pile, 90. 
Definition of galvanism, 79, 95. 
Delamatherie on the contrac- 
tion of fibrine, 86 
De Luc’s experiments on the 
pile, 92. On the direction of 
the current, ib, On the state 
of the extremities, ib. Hypo- 
thesis of its action, 93. On 
piles of different materials, 
ib. Objections to the hypo- 
thesis of electric energies, 100 
E 
Earths, decomposition of, 91 
Electric column discovered by 
De Luc, 93 
energies, what, 99. De 
Luc and Singer’s ob- 
jections, 100 
intensity, in what it con- 
sists, 95 
Electrical state of bodies af- 
feets their chemical affinity, 
90 
Electricity of the machine and 
pile compared, 95 
Erman’s remarks on the ends 
of the pile, 85 
remarks on the con- 
ducting power of 
bodies, 88 
Extremities of the pile, gases 
disengaged by, 82 
of the pile, remarks 
on Sey names, 92 
Fabroni observes the chemical 
action of the metals, 81. Ex. 
periments on metals in con- 
tact, ib. Observations on 
the senSations, 82 
Fibrine, made to contract, 86 
Fourcroy discovers-the effect of 
large plates, 84 U 
Fowler’s _ experiments, 80. 
Thinks galvanism not elec- 
trical, ib, Observations on 
voluntary and involuntary 
muscles, ib. Discovers the 
flash, ib. 
Frog, a delicate electrometer, 
79. 
G 
Galvani’s discovery, 79. 
pothesis, 94 
Galvanic and common electri. 
city compared, 95 
electricity of low inten- 
sity, 95” 
pile, discovery of, 82. 
Davy’s observations 
on, 90. De Lue’s ob- 
servationson, 92, Rit- 
ter’s experiments on, 
87. Theory of, 98 
Hy- 
Description 
of the 
Figures. 
PLATE 
CCLXALUL 
Fig. 21. 
ig. 22. 
Index, 
