| ject, whether his aim was to. excite terror or pity, or 
to raise laughter. Sree erreur aeeeneen to his 
approbation of his action. 
. As an author, Garrick has displayed no contemptible 
powers. He was not, indeed, an author by profession ; 
the duties of his situation engrossed too much of his 
time to permit him to apply regularly to literary com- 
position. But the comedy of The Clandestine Mar- 
riagey his farees, and poetical pieces, sufficiently shew 
that he wanted leisure, rather than wit or genius, to 
have. enabled him to produce works of greater value. 
See Davies’ Memoirs of the Life of Garrick; and The 
Life of Garrick, by Murphy... (2) 
. . GARSTANG, is a. market, and corporate town. of 
England in Lancashire, situated in the hundred of 
Amounderness, on the great west road from Edinburgh 
to London... It stands on the western bank of the river 
Wyer, which runs parallel to the east side of the princi- 
street, supplying the town with excellent water and 
of different kinds. : . 
The town, which is irregularly built, contains a few 
houses.. The church is a large Gothic structure, 
which stands about a mile to the south of the town. It 
s no manufactory ; but there are several in the 
neighbourhood, viz. a printing cotton and calico manu- 
factory at Catteral, and spinning manufactories at Sea- 
ton, Dolphinholm, and Catston. Number of houses 62. 
Population, 731. See Beauties of Englund and Wales, 
vol. ix.p.113. - sit Qo 
~ GARTER, Orper or Tug, is amilitary order, which 
was instituted in 1344.by King Edward III. under the 
title of.‘ Sovereign. and Knight’s Companions of the 
most noble order of the Garter.”’. See Heraupry. 
GARTH, Sir Samuer, an English poet and_physi- 
cian, was descended of a good family in Yorkshire, and 
received his academical education at Peterhouse Col- 
, Cambridge, where he took his degree of Doctor of 
edicine on the 7th July 1691. 
On the 26th June 1692, he was admitted a fellow of the 
College of Physicians ; and in 1694, he published his 
Dispensary, amock heroic poem, in which he ridiculed 
the company of apothecaries, and some of the members of 
the College of Physicians, who had opposed the esta- 
blishment of a dispensary, for supplying the poor with 
medicines and gratuitous advice. The ‘ Dispensary,” 
which is an obvious imitation of Boileau’s Lutrin, went 
through three editions, and after receiving successive 
improvements from the hands of the author, it has en- 
led his name in the second class of British poets. In 
1697, Garth pronounced the Harveian oration before 
the College of Physicians. It was immediately pub- 
lished, and was regarded as a good specimen of oratory. 
Dr Garth pronounced a Latin eloge over the remains of 
Dryden. He addressed some complimentary verses to 
Lord Godolphin, on his dismissal in 1710, He lamented, 
in a complimentary poem, the exile of the Duke of Marl- 
borough ; and in 1711 he displayed _his attachment. to 
the family of Hanover, by the dedication of an intend- 
ed edition of Lucretius to the Elector, afterwards 
George I. The gratitude of this prince was shewn upon 
Pigael. to the throne, by conferring the honour of 
knighthood upon Garth, which was done by the sword 
YOL. X. PART I. ° 
GAR uf 113° GAS 
of the Pavesnt Marlborough. ey ee pee - was ontnn 
appointed physician in ordinary to ing, and physi- te. 
pins a to the army ; but he did not long enjoy these “"Y—"" 
distinguished honours, After, a short illness, he died 
in January 1719, and was interred at Harrow in Mid- 
dlesex, on the 22d of that month. 
GARUM, is a name which has been applied by me- 
dical writers to a pickle, in which fish had been pre- 
served. The garum of the ancients was greatly es- 
teemed as a delicacy at their tables. ‘ 
GAS, is aname which was given by Van Helmont to 
aériform or elastic fluids, See Curmistry, p. 99, and 
Gases. 
_ GAS Lieurs, is the name given to the artificial light 
produced by the combustion of inflammable gases, ob- 
tained. from the destructive distillation of pit-coal, and 
seyeral other combustible bodies. 
The late Mr W. Nicholson has very properly ob- 
served, that during the combustion of oil, tallow, wax, 
&e. in producing light, the same. change takes place 
among their respective elements which would have been 
produced by subjecting them to destructive distillation, 
the inflammable gas being the substance furnishing the 
light which they, afford. The only difference, therefore, 
between the light of candles, lamps, &c. and the gas 
lights, is, that in the former the decomposition of the 
substance,.and the consequent evolution of the inflam- 
mable gas, is effected by its own heat. In the gas 
lights, the decomposition is effected in a close vessel by 
a separate fire; and the gas given out, after being 
washed, is conducted to a reservoir, from whence. it is 
drawn through small apertures, where it is set on fire. 
In candles and lamps, the inflammable gas, which is 
the source of the light, is more or less accompanied - 
with smoke, which, if not burnt, produces a cloudy 
yellow flame. In the Argand lamp, where the supply 
of oxygen is great, the smoke is burnt, which, of itself 
furnishes some light ; but the brilliant light is more to 
be attributed to the purity of the inflammable gas after 
the cloudy matter is removed. 
All substances, whether animal, vegetable, or mine- 
ral, consisting of such proportions of hydrogen and 
carbon as to furnish the inflammable gases, are capable 
of furnishing artificial light by decomposition. The 
gases produced in the operation are carburetted hydro- 
gen, olefiant gas, and in some cases carbonic oxide 
and pure hydrogen. 
: We are indebted to Dr Henry for some valuable facts gogi 
derived from his experiments, upon. several bodies af- afford 
fording inflammable gas by destructive distillation, The the inflam- 
following is a small Table from his paper, exhibiting ™ble gases 
the relative value of the gases from different substances Sau. 
in producing light. tion. 
y Requires of | Producing 
100 Measures of oxygen for its! of carbonic 
consumption. acid 
Pure hydrogen gas... ... 50 werd 
Gas bop hendtig naieh charcoal 60 835 
—— from dried peat.....| + 68 43 
—— from oak wood. .... 54 38 
from cannel coal... . 170 100 
—— from lamp oil... ... 190 124 
—— from wax.......% 220 137 
Pure olefiant gas. ...... 284 | 179 
It is found, as we “should naturally infer, that the 
Fr 
