GENEVA. 
GENEVA, Repvatic or, is sem territory com- Reptile of 
gents, was made a member of the provisional go- 
vernment at the restoration of the republic. 
‘As it is very probable that many of our countrymen 
will send their sons to on = ‘of ac- 
iring the French language, er 
which cannot be easily obtained at home, we have dwelt 
more minutely on the subject of education than we 
would otherwise have been entitled to do. There is 
certainly no in the world to which a father may 
send his chil with fewer anxieties than to Geneva. 
The vices which prevail in many of the principal towns 
of Europe, are here in a great measure unknown. The 
young men are regularly instructed in the duties and 
principles of Christianity, and all the decent proprieties 
of religion are observed here, as in our own country. 
An Englishman, and a Scotchman still more, finds him- 
self at home in the society and customs of this happy 
republic. The religion of Geneva has lost much of 
the austerity which she wore in former times. _Cheer- 
fal and enlightened, she now appears in her native 
character ; and there is no danger of the religious ha- 
bits of our youth experiencing any violent change 
the virtuous inhabitants of this city.. The simi- 
larity of our institutions to theirs, the civil liberty and 
religious toleration which distinguish both countries, 
have attached the Genevese to the English character ; 
and we have no hesitation in saying, that if an English- 
rnan could for one moment expatriate himself, even in 
imagination, he would wish to be a citizen of Geneva. 
There are several literary societies at Geneva, the 
principal of which is the Society of Natural History, 
composed of all the distinguished individuals in the 
city. It meets, we believe, alternately at the houses 
of the different members: and the ‘memoirs which are 
read are in general published in the Bidliotheque Bri- 
tannique, a monthly journal, which is perhaps the best 
conducted in Europe. It was founded by M. A. Pic- 
tet, who is one of the principal editors ; and the chief 
object of the work is to give an account of British pub- 
lieations. Geneva has also a society for the advance- 
ment of the arts, founded by M. Fuisar, a clockmaker. 
There is a small observatory at Geneva, which contains 
some good instruments ; and a botanical garden. 
Geneva cannot be considered as either a commercial 
or a manufacturing town. It has long been celebrated 
for its manufactures of watches and jewellery ; and to- 
wards the end of the 18th century, five or six thousand 
persons of both sexes were employed in this occupa- 
tion. London and Geneva were long regarded as the 
general magazines from which the rest of Europe was 
supplied with clocks and watches ; and it is stated by 
Peuchet, that 25,000 gold and silver watches are ma- 
nufactured every year. The rough part of the work 
is in general done by the inhabitants of the mountain- 
ous districts of Switzerland, and they are sent to Ge- 
neva to be finished for sale. There are also in this city 
manufactures of velvet, India stuffs, silk stockings, 
hats, and leather. A great manufacture of imitation 
India ehawls is carried on by M. Pictet of Rochemont. 
In order to accommodate the manufacturing class, a 
kind of bank called Caisse d’Escompte, has been esta- 
blished. Manufacturers and tradesmen can here ob- 
tain money bills, at a moderate discount. 
The climate of Geneva is extremely salubrious, though 
rather cold. The air is always: colder than at Paris. 
In the greatest colds at Geneva, Reaumur’s thermo- 
meter stands at from 14° to 18°; and in the greatest 
heats, from 26° to 27°. There isa very singular coin- 
cidencein the variations of the barometer at London, 
Paris, and Geneva. Geneva is situated in North Lat. 
46° 12’, and Fast Long. 6°-9' 30”, Population 26,140. 
133 
prehending the following 
Town of Geneva. . ..+ « + 26,140 
The suburbs... 6 « « «6 4,104 
The Chatellenie of Peney and its de- 
WACNCIES 5 |.3 devs shis-aniy, wl) ape BOR 
The Chatellenie of Jussy and Van- 
GPO yreR as ois coaieupaset th Ondlie<teebenOl 
The two seignories of Tuvretin and 
Chateauvieux . . 6... 6 ss 537 
Total population 34,704 
These inhabitants, with about 300 strangers, making in 
all 35,000 nearly, are contained in 3,25 square leagues . 
which gives 11,080 to every square league ; a density 
of population which is very remarkable. 
The Genevese territory is extremely fertile and beau. 
tiful. The villages saclinal aud well, built, and the, 
country is adorned with numerous villas. 
Geneva formed part of the territory of the Allobro- 
ges. Czsar established here a place of arms against 
the Helvetians, and built on the Jott bank of the Rhone 
a wall 9000 paces long, and 16 paces high, to op 
pose the passage of the Helvetians across the Roman > 
pares, The city was twice destroyed during the 
oman emperors. In 1032, under the successors of 
Charlemagne, it was united to the German empire. Af- 
ter the 13th century, it was a constant source of dis« 
cord among the bishops, the counts of Geneva, and 
those of Savoy; and from the middle-of the 13th cen« 
tury, till 1586, it had to struggle against the ambition 
of the Dukes of Savoy ; but, in consequence of the - 
alliance which-it formed with the towns of Bernesand 
Fribourg, it was enabled to establish its independence. . 
This epoch of the civil liberty of Geneva was also mark- 
ed by the commencement) of its religious freedom. 
The doctrines of the. Reformation were preached in - 
1533 ‘by William Farel ; and in 1535, the reformed - 
doctrines were adopted in full council. Calvin and 
Beza now adorned this asylum. of liberty, and men of . 
principle and character found here a from the 
cruelties of civil and religious tyranny. In 1542 and 
1548, the plague committed dreadful ravages in the-- 
city. In 1584, a of alliance was formed between 
Geneva, Zurich, and Berne. The house of Savoy made 
its last attempt against the liberties of Geneva in 1602 ; 
but though this perfidious attack was bravely repelled, 
the independence of the republic was never solemnly 
recognized by the house of Savoy till the year1754. 
In the year 1768, 1782, 1789 and. 17938, Geneva 
was agitated with intestine commotions, of which we 
cannot find room to give any particular account... On - 
the 15th April 1798, it was occupied by French troops. 
Its independence was destroyed, and it was ineorpo- 
rated with the French empire, forming part of ‘the de~ 
partment of Leman. The restoration of European in- 
dependence, in 1814,. by the overthrow of the colossal. 
power of France, restored Geneva to the | pares of 
its independence and its ancient laws ; and we had the - 
good fortune, a few. months. after this glorious event, 
of witnessing the happiness of a free people newly 
emerged from a foreign and oppressive yoke. 
In our article SwirzERLAND, our rs may expect 
an aecount of: the constitution of this republic. 
GENEVA, Lake or, in French Leman, and in La. 
tin Lemannus, is an extensive lake in Switzerland, re- 
sembling in its general shape ‘the form of the moon 
when she is a few days old. The concave side em- 
_ braces. Savoy, the convex side the Pays de Vaud, 
and a line joining its extremities. stretches im the di- 
