‘on account of their Corsican 
136 
opened for the restless and potatoe of the 
t 
Genoese. The Venetians having, with the other cru- 
saders, dethroned the Greciam Emperor, received, as 
their share of the spoil, one fourth and a half of the 
empire, in which were included all the maritime parts 
of Greece; with the island of Crete or Candia, and 
‘most of the islands of the Archipelago. Unable, how- 
ever, to colonize their conquests, many of them were 
deft unoccupied, a circumstance which the Genoese 
did not fail to take advantage of. Their first attempts 
‘to obtain settlements in Candia, the Morea and Corfu, 
were conducted by a private individual, and the Ve- 
netians soon succeeded in expelling them. 
About this period also, having warmly engaged on 
the side of the Pope, their fleet sustained a signal de- 
feat’ from the united forces of the Pisans and Neapoli- 
tans, of 27 galleys, three being sunk, and 19 taken. 
Undismayed by this reverse, they still continaed in 
the papal interest, until 1261, when, having engaged 
in a long and bloody war with Venice about their pos- 
sessions in Palestine, they entered into a strict alliance 
-with Michael Paleologus, and bound themselves to assist 
him against the Venetians, French, and the other crusa- 
-ders. In this warthey were successful; and on Michael’s 
‘regaining the throne of Constantinople, obtained from 
him the grant of many commercial privileges, with the 
isle of Chios in the Archipelago. 
Shortly afterwards, a fresh war broke out with Pisa, 
ossessions ; and large 
fleets being armed on both sides, continued for some 
time inactive, until the year 1284, when the Genoese, 
‘under the command of Oberto Doria, completely de- 
stroyed the Pisan fleet, of above 100 sail, commanded 
by Alberto Morosini, at Meloria. In this battle, the 
Pisans lost 5000 men, besides 11,000 prisoners, whom 
the Genoese retained for 16 years in captivity. 
In 1298, commanded by another Doria, they obtain- 
‘ed a signal victory over the Venetians at Corzola, which 
fora time put an end to the war. Their mutual jeo- 
lousy, however, still continued ; and, in 1306, the Ve- 
mnetians having embraced the interests of Charles of 
Valois, and the Genoese that of the Grecian Em 
Andronicus, the war broke out with fresh vigour. It 
‘was also about this time that civil dissensions arose at Ge- 
noa between the nobles and the people, which termina- 
ted in 1339 in the elevation of Simon Boccanigra, to the 
dignity of Doge, under whose vigorous adininistration 
the republic at length enjoyed a season of tranquillity. 
The Genoese had now obtained many valuable set- 
tlements in the Grecian empire, and had extended their 
‘commercial relation with the Russians and the north of 
Europe: they possessed the colonies of Kaffa and Ta- 
na in the Crimea, and of Pera and Galata near Constan- 
tinople, which served as a depot for the merchandize 
brought by them from India, Armenia, Egypt, and Arabia. 
Their riches and power now began to excite the envy 
and avidity of Cantacusenus, the Emperor of Con- 
stantinople, whom they soon overcdme, but to whom 
they granted peace on moderate terms. With the Ve- 
netians they were not so successful, and the war conti- 
nued with great obstinacy and various success for many 
syears. At one time the Genoese, discouraged by the 
signal defeat of their Admiral Grimaldi, threw them- 
selves under the protection of John Visconti, Arch- 
bishop of Milan. Some time after his death, however, 
in the year 1356, they threw off the yoke of his cruel 
and tyrannical nephews, and fekestrtell their liberty. 
On the other hand, in the year 1379, the Genoese re- 
duced the Venetians to ‘the last extremity ; took the fort 
of Chiozza, and nearly madethemselves masters of Venice. 
At length,-in 1381, the peace of Turin put an end 
GENOA. 
to the war. In it the Venetians lost their continental 
possessions, and the greater part of their wealth. Nor 
was it less fatal to the victorious Genoese: Deprived 
of their best fleet and the flower of their sailors; and 
the finances of the republic exhausted by the length of 
the war, they were again forced to throw themselves 
under the power of a foreign master, and submit to 
the authority of Charles VI. king of France, and af. 
terwards of the Dukes of Milan; a slavery under 
which they continued for more than a , Not- 
withstanding many ineffectual attempts to recover their 
liberty. At last, in 1528, Andrew Doria having ex« 
pelled the French, restored the ancient form of go- 
vernment and freedom to his country ;—a rare instance 
of disinterested patriotism, as, supported by his fleet 
and the powerful assistance‘of the Emperor Charles V. 
he might easily have retained possession: of the sove- 
reign power, and have even been aided by the people, 
to whom his liberality and military virtues had justly 
pessoa See Doria. 
er this period, the republic, although deprived of 
its former conquests, for a long time enjoyed, with li- 
berty, peace and rity. 
In 1624, it was engaged for a short time in a war 
with France and Savoy ; and in 1636, the city was un- 
successfully attempted to be surprised by the Spaniards; 
but these wars were of no long duration. 
In 1684, having incurred the displeasure of Louis 
XIV. the republic was attacked by that monarch, and 
pa to give up the island of Corsica, and to submit 
to other terms peculiarly mortifying and ading ; 
the Doge and four of his doiasellone vein tach to 
appear in person at Versailles to sue for peace, and thestate 
bound to disarm all their gallies except six, with a pro- 
mise not to fit out more without the consent of the king. 
During the remainder of the 17th and the early part 
of the 18th , the republic continued to observe 
a strict neutrality ; but in the war which broke out in 
1743, having jomed the French and Spaniards against 
the Austrians, Savona and other Genoese ports were 
bombarded by the English fleet, and the city, in 1746, 
obliged to capitulate to the Austrian army. The people, 
however; soon expelled their invaders, even without the 
concurrence of the senate; and in 1748, the peace of 
Aix-la-Chapelle again restored to the state tranquillity. 
In 1798, by the ascendancy of the French, the ans 
cient form of government was abolished, and one re- 
sembling the French constitution adopted, under the 
name of the Ligurian Republic. The following year, 
General Massena’s lines in the neighbourhood of Ge- 
noa being forced by the Austrians, he was obliged to 
throw himself into the city, which was besieged for 
some time, and suffered considerably. By the treaty 
of Campo Formio in 1801, between the Austrians and 
French, the Loy po republie’s indep was ac- 
knowledged; but it continued ler the power of 
France, and might actually be considered as a pa 
of that empire. She British having made Radek = 
masters of Savona, blockaded Genoa, which in 1814 sur- 
rendered to Lord William Bentinck, who issued a pro- 
clamation, holding out some h to the Genoese that 
their liberties should be restored. It was however deter- 
mined, at the congress of Vienna, that the territory of 
Genoa should. be united to Savoy and Piedmont. It was 
accordingly, in 1815, given up by the British to the 
troops of the King of Sardinia, and may now be con- 
sidered as an integral part of that monarchy. See Sis- 
mondi’s Histoire des A tem Ttaliennes ; Accinel- 
lis Revolutions of Genoa; Eustace’s Classical Tour 
through Italy, &e. (E.3.) ° 
GENTO S. See Braumrns and Inpra. 
