Printing. 
By tin-foil. 
False gold 
powder. 
GIL 
covered with silver, the skins are dried till they are in 
a proper state for burnishing, which is done by a large 
flint fixed in the middle of a wooden handle : the work- 
man holds it with both hands, and forcibly rubs upon. 
the silver till it becomes ‘brilliantly burnished. The 
appearance of gold is now given to the silvered surface, 
by covering it with a yellow varnish or lacker, which is 
composed of white resin four pounds and a half, com- 
mon resin the same quantity, gum sandarac two pounds 
and a half, and aloes two pounds... These ingredients 
are melted together in an earthen vessel, and after being 
well mixed by stirring, seven. pints of linseed oil are 
ured in, and when the composition is sufficiently 
boiled to make a perfect union, and to have the consist- 
ence of syrup, half an ounce of red lead is added, and 
the liquor is passed through a flannel bag. 
To apply this varnish, the silvered skins are spread 
out upon a board, and fastened down by nails : ‘These 
are exposed in the sun, and when thus warmed, the 
white of an egg is spread over the silver. After this 
is dry, the workman lays on the varnish, by spreading 
it with his hands till he covers the whole. ‘The var- 
nish will dry in the sun in a few hours, and is very du- 
rable. When the gold is desired to be laid according to 
any design, the varnish is printed upon the surface of 
the skin by a wooden block and a rolling press. By 
this means only the printed parts will appear to be 
gilt, the others remaining in silver as a ground, and 
are frequently painted in oil colours. 
False gilding for pictureframes and other similar orna- 
ments, may be. performed with silver laid on in the man- 
ner described for burnished gilding, and the above var- 
nish laid on after it is burnished: as the varnish preserves 
if, tin-foil answers almost as well, except that it will 
not bear too fine a burnish. 
False Gold Powder, is made by melting tin, and 
pouring into it about half as much mercury. The 
amalgam thus produced must be pounded and mixed up 
with sal ammoniac and sulphur, each in weight about 
half the tin. The composition being calcined in a ma- 
trass, will form a bright-gold coloured powder, which 
answers very well for japanners, but will not keep its 
colour unless it is covered by a varnish. For farther 
particulars relative to this art, see Handmaid to the Aris; 
Lewis's Commercium Philosophico Technicum ; and the 
Cirele of Mechanical Arts. (3. ¥.) 
GILOLO, or Hatmauera, one of the Spice Islands, 
is a large and singularly shaped island, which divides 
the Indian Ocean from the great South Sea to the east, 
It is composed of four peninsulas; separated from each 
other by deep bays. The equator passes through the 
island, and a meridian 126° east of Greenwich. Its 
average breadth is about 30 miles, and its length 220. 
The western side of the island is nearly straight, and 
the peninsulas extend towards the east. 
The principal towns in the island, are Ossa, Maba, 
Patany and Weda; but they are little known, as they 
are seldom visited by Europeans. There is a fine wa- 
tering place on the south side of the Bay of Ossa, where 
vessels may procure water and refreshments ; and on 
some of the islands. excellent timber for spars may. be 
obtained. 
Gilolo is naturally fertile. It abounds with bullocks, 
buffaloes, goats, deers, and wild hogs. The latter fre- 
quent the places where the sago trees have been cut, 
and get very fat upon the remains of it. The inhabi- 
tants subsist chiefly on the sago tree. It is a long 
tube of hard wood, about two inches in diameter, con- 
taining a pulp mixed with longitudinal fibres. The 
282 
- 
Gi 
flower is procured from this pith, and lar anda 
tes of it may be obtained here at a very pate 
rate. ors & 7 
The inhabitants carry ona considerable trade in 
their proas with Amboyna and the adjacent islands. 
They import cutlery, scarlet cloth, china, ware, gold 
lace, iron in bars, opium, piece goods, and steel ; and _ 7 
for these they exchange mats, patnega mace, cloves, 
beech de mer, birds nests, pearl shells, 
tortoise shell. 
The Dutch were formerly masters of this island, but 
it is now in the possession of independent rajahs. 
Forest's Voyage; Hamilton’s East India Gazelleer ; 
and Milburn’s Oriental Commerce. 
GILSLAND, is awatering-place in Cumberland, much 
resorted to in the summer season, chiefly on_account of 
its sulphureous mineral waters. It is situated on a 
steep bank of the river Irthing, about two miles north 
of the road leading from Carlisle to Newcastle, and is 
about eighteen miles distant from the former place. 
The water issues out of a thin bed of argillaceous shiver, 
reposing on a stratum of indurated argil, through a 
small leaden pipe, at the rate of about two gallons and - 
a half per minute. It exhales a strong sulphureous 
odour, which may often be distinctly perceived at the 
distance of forty or fifty yards. When fitst drawn from 
the spring, it is transparent and colourless, but becomes 
turbid on exposure to the air, and gradually loses. its 
foetid smell. As the 
sasrespos of natural phintaphy and chemistry in the 
Royal Institution, undertook a series of experiments, of 
which the following were the principal results: A so- 
lution of acetite of lead, dropped into the water, produ- 
ced a very copious brown precipitate, which afterwards 
changed to black. A similar change was produced in 
it by nitrate of silver. An infusion of litmus was con- 
verted into a red, Polished plates of silver or lead, 
immersed in the water, soon. became tarnished, and 
lost their metallic lustre. Muriate of barytes, oxalic 
acid, and tincture of galls,‘produced no apparent change. 
When the gaseous products were ithe by boili 
for about ten minutes, acetate of lead and nitrate of si 
ver produced a white precipitate, but muriate of ba« ‘ 
rytes and oxalic acid no effect. A wine gallon of this 
water evaporated slowly, yielded four grains of muriate 
ofsoda, From these experiments it is evident, that this 
water is impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen, and 
carbonic acid gas in combination with muriate of soda. 
In respect of chemical composition, therefore, it has a 
striking resemblance to the sulphureous waters of Mof= 
fat. Besides these saline and gaseous ingredients, the 
Gilsland waters, like those of Buxton and Harrowgate, 
contain a considerable portion of nitrogen or azotic gas. 
A wine gallon, English measure, of the Gilsland waters, “_ 
ielded four grains of solid matter, and twenty-five cu- 
ic inches of elastic fluids, viz. , 
Of muriate of soda four grains.. 
Of sulphuretted hydrogen gas 17 ef 
Of azotic or nitrogen gas .. 4 ¢ cubic inches. 
Of carbonic acid gas..... 4 ‘ 
“Ob 
_ Gilsland has been long celebrated in the northern 
counties of England as a place of fashionable resort, and 
for the efficacy of its suphureous waters in the cure of 
certain nervous and bilious complaints, in diseases of the 
seed pearl, and _ 
roperties of these waters were 
till late years but little known, Dr Garnet, formerly 
